States, Principalities, Population Movements and Interactions in Ethiopia (13th – Mid-16th Century)

Flashcards about States, Principalities, Population Movements and Interactions in Ethiopia (13th – Mid-16th Century)

What was the main reason for the fall of the Zagwe Dynasty?

Opposition from the tributary region of Amhara, whose core area was the present-day southern Wollo and northern Shewa.

Who founded the Solomonic dynasty in 1270?

Yikuno Amlak

What was the purpose of the legend of the Queen of Sheba and King Solomon?

To establish political legitimacy by connecting to a powerful historical figure.

What is the name of the 14th-century book that narrates the legend of the Queen of Sheba and King Solomon?

Kibre Negest (The Glory of Kings)

What was the basis of the Christian highland kingdom's economy?

Agriculture dominated by mixed farming.

Which port became an important outlet for foreign trade from 1270 to 1529?

Zeila

What was the purpose of the gult system?

To collect tribute on Rist land owners and its produce.

What were the consequences of long-distance trade?

It created interconnectedness within people of various cultures, economic interdependence, and exchange of social and cultural values, alongside frequent clashes between groups.

What is Rist?

Hereditary right to land use by members of families whose ancestors retained the land for a long period of time.

What was the function of Amba Gishen (Debre Negest)?

Mountain fortress established around 1300 to resolve succession problems.

Which territories were conquered by Amde Tsion?

Damot, Felasha, Gojjam, and northern provinces as far as Massawa, Ifat, Hadya

Who founded the Sultanate of Adal in 1380?

Some members of the Walsma dynasty

How did Zer'a Ya'ekob consolidate power?

By conquering the rebellions of Hadya and Adal

Which monastery became an epicenter of Christianity revival in Shewa?

Debre Libanos

What factors contributed to the emergence of Muslim Sultanates?

Expansion of trade and the religion of Islam

What were the key features of Muslim Sultanates?

Muslim communities, religious and political powers for rulers, dependence on trade, location in southeastern lowlands.

Where was the Sultanate of Ifat located and who made it prominent?

East of the Shewan plateau, prominent under Umar Walasma.

What was a key aim of the Sultanate of Ifat?

Establish monopoly over the Zeila trade route

Give a description of the Sultanate of Hadya

Most westerly territory in the Ethiopian region, royal title Garad, eventually faced expeditions from Christian Highland Kingdom.

Give a description of the Sultanate of Bali

Most southerly, south of Dawaro and Sharka, east of Hadya, west of Adal, royal title also Garad.

Give a description of the Sultanate of Sharkha

North of Bali and west of Dawaro, tributary to Amde Tsion, lasting until rise of Imam Ahmad of Adal.

Give a description of the Sultanate of Dawaro

South of Fatagar, south of Ifat, north of Wabi Shabale River, bordering Bali.

Give a description of the Sutanate of Darha

East of the Awash River between the sultanates of Dawaro and Bali

Give a description of the Sultanate of Fatagar

Between Lake Ziway in the south and the present day Bishoftu area in the north

Give a description of the Sultanate of Arababni

South of the Awash River between the Sultanates of Hadya and Dawaro.

Give a description of the Sultanate of Adal

Founded by the Walasma rulers retreated and centered at Dakar, later shifted to Harar

Give a description of the Kingdom of Gojjam

South of Lake Tana reduced to tributary status by King Amde Tsiyon.

Give a description of the Polities of Bizamo

Southern bend of the Abay River, populated by Shinasha people, tributary to the Christian Highland Kingdom

Give a description of the Polities of Wajj

Around Lake Ziway, west of Fatagar and east of Hadya, tributary since Amde Tsion.

Give a description of the Polities of Ganz

In the Rift Valley area between Wajj, Kambata, and Hadya, tributary since Amde Tsion.

Give a description of the Kingdom of Ennarya

North of the Gojeb River and west of the upper course of the Gibe River, tributary since Emperor Amde Tsiyon.

What caused the population movements of the Somali, Afar and Argoba People?

Conflicts between Sultanates and the Christian kingdom, and drought and famine

Where did tthe Oromo population movement begin?

Began from the Bale highlands due to increased cattle populations and shortage of pasture land

List out the Borana confederacies

Macha, Tulama, Guji and Southern Borana Oromo

List out the Barentu confederacies

Karayu, Ittu, Marawa, Akkachu, Arsi, and Humbana

How was the Christian kingdom impacted after the Oromo Expansion

Restricted north of the Abay River

what is Gadaa system?

an indigenous democratic socio- political institution of the Oromo

What is Moggassa?

Adopting a new Oromo or non-Oromo sub-group or any other social group as a body (in mass) by a ceremony of oath held in the presence of the Abbaa Gadaa.

What is Guddifacha?

Adopting individual to be an Oromo