What is sexual reproduction?
Fusion of haploid gametes (egg, sperm) into a diploid zygote.
What is asexual reproduction?
Cloning of an organism, with no genetic recombination.
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What is sexual reproduction?
Fusion of haploid gametes (egg, sperm) into a diploid zygote.
What is asexual reproduction?
Cloning of an organism, with no genetic recombination.
What is budding in asexual reproduction?
Fragmentation of parts from an original organism developing into new individuals, seen in corals and hydras.
What is binary fission?
When an organism splits into two or more separate individuals, as in anemones and flatworms.
What is parthenogenesis?
Offspring develops from unfertilized eggs, an example being aphids.
What is haplodiploidy?
A reproductive system where males are haploid (unfertilized) and females are diploid (fertilized), such as in bees.
What is the two-fold cost of sex?
In sexual reproduction, only females can reproduce, whereas an asexual population can reproduce twice as much.
Why is asexual reproduction less common?
Asexual reproduction is less common due to factors like density, length of day, and resources, and is vulnerable to parasites.
What is internal fertilization?
Fertilization occurs within or near a female's reproductive tract, often involving increased parental care.
What is external fertilization?
Occurs in the environment where a female releases eggs and male sperm can fertilize them, requiring a moist environment.
What is mechanical digestion?
Physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces to increase surface area for digestion.
What is chemical digestion?
The breakdown of food by enzymes at various body sites, such as the stomach and small intestine.
What role do symbionts play in digestion?
Bacteria in the digestive systems of herbivores break down cellulose, aiding in digestion where animals lack the necessary enzymes.
How does diet affect teeth structure?
Carnivores have sharp canines; herbivores have long thick molars; omnivores have a combination of both.
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of an internal environment for cells and organs independent of external conditions, regulating pH, temperature, glucose, and salinity.