EXAM 4 LO

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What is sexual reproduction?

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Fusion of haploid gametes (egg, sperm) into a diploid zygote.

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What is asexual reproduction?

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Cloning of an organism, with no genetic recombination.

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15 Terms

1
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What is sexual reproduction?

Fusion of haploid gametes (egg, sperm) into a diploid zygote.

2
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What is asexual reproduction?

Cloning of an organism, with no genetic recombination.

3
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What is budding in asexual reproduction?

Fragmentation of parts from an original organism developing into new individuals, seen in corals and hydras.

4
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What is binary fission?

When an organism splits into two or more separate individuals, as in anemones and flatworms.

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What is parthenogenesis?

Offspring develops from unfertilized eggs, an example being aphids.

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What is haplodiploidy?

A reproductive system where males are haploid (unfertilized) and females are diploid (fertilized), such as in bees.

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What is the two-fold cost of sex?

In sexual reproduction, only females can reproduce, whereas an asexual population can reproduce twice as much.

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Why is asexual reproduction less common?

Asexual reproduction is less common due to factors like density, length of day, and resources, and is vulnerable to parasites.

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What is internal fertilization?

Fertilization occurs within or near a female's reproductive tract, often involving increased parental care.

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What is external fertilization?

Occurs in the environment where a female releases eggs and male sperm can fertilize them, requiring a moist environment.

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What is mechanical digestion?

Physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces to increase surface area for digestion.

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What is chemical digestion?

The breakdown of food by enzymes at various body sites, such as the stomach and small intestine.

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What role do symbionts play in digestion?

Bacteria in the digestive systems of herbivores break down cellulose, aiding in digestion where animals lack the necessary enzymes.

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How does diet affect teeth structure?

Carnivores have sharp canines; herbivores have long thick molars; omnivores have a combination of both.

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What is homeostasis?

The maintenance of an internal environment for cells and organs independent of external conditions, regulating pH, temperature, glucose, and salinity.