1900-Present

Flashcards of Vocabulary Terms

Négritude Movement

A movement challenging colonialism and Western dominance by celebrating Black culture and identity.

Al-Qaeda

An organization formed to lead a global Islamist revolution, launching attacks on the US and its allies.

Non-Aligned Movement

A movement that emerged to promote the interests of newly independent and developing countries without aligning with or against a major power bloc during the Cold War.

Popular Front

Relating to a coalition government of left-leaning parties to prevent the rise of authoritarianism, particularly fascism.

Colonialism

A policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

Nationalism

The belief that one nation is better than another.

Militarism

The belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

Superpower

A country or group having great power or influence, especially in economic or political affairs.

Fascism

A political system headed by a dictator in which the government controls every aspect of citizens’ lives.

Capitalism

An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Marxism

A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Pan-African Movement

The idea that the countries of Africa should unite to form one big country.

Communism

An economic system in which the government controls the production and distribution of goods.

Republic

A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.

Qing Dynasty

The system of government in China from 1644 to 1912, was the last imperial dynasty of China.

Empire

A form of government in which the ruler is an emperor or empress.

Apartheid

A policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race.

Terrorism

The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.

Genocide

The mass killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society.

Red Terror

A program of land reform and nationalization implemented by Mengistu Haile Mariam in Ethiopia, followed by a crackdown on dissent.

Collectivization

A theory or system of social organization in which all property is owned by the community and each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs.

Equality

The principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.

Equity

The state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities.