x-ray 1

Who discovered radiation?

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

What is radiation?

A form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles.

What is the maximum number of electrons that can exist in each shell?

2, 8, 18, 32, 50

What is matter?

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

What is an atom?

The fundamental unit of matter.

What is the shell located closest to the nucleus?

K Shell.

What is a proton?

A particle that carries a positive (+) charge.

What is an electron?

A particle that carries a negative (-) charge.

What is a neutron?

A particle that carries no charge.

What is a neutral atom?

An atom that contains an equal number of protons and electrons.

What is a wavelength?

The distance between the crest of one wave to the crest of the next.

What is the speed of the wave?

Velocity.

What are wavelengths measured in?

Nanometers.

What is a Step-Down Transformer?

A device used to decrease the voltage from the 110 line to 3-5 volts.

What is a Step-Up Transformer?

A device used to increase the voltage from 65,000 to 100,000 volts.

What is the amount of energy converted to X-rays?

Less than 1%.

What are examples of electromagnetic radiation?

Gamma rays, radio waves, cosmic rays, microwaves, X-rays, radar waves.

What is radioactivity?

The process by which certain unstable atoms undergo decay in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state.

What are the three components of an X-ray machine?

The Control Panel, The Extension Arm, The Tube Head.

What is the function of the aluminum filter?

It filters out long wavelengths.

What is the function of the collimator?

It restricts the size of the X-ray beam.

What is the most common possibility when an X-ray photon interacts with matter?

Compton scatter.

What is ionization?

The process in which an atom loses an electron.

What year were X-rays discovered?

Who exposed the first dental radiograph on a live person or introduced paralleling?

C. Edmund Kells.

What is amperage?

The measurement of the number of electrons moving through a conductor.

What are radio waves?

The lowest wavelength on the electromagnetic spectrum.

What is the purpose of the anode?

To convert electrons into X-ray photons.

What is frequency?

The number of wavelengths that pass a given point in a certain amount of time.

What are the properties of X-rays?

Invisible, no mass or weight, travel at the speed of light, travel in waves, travel in straight lines.

What are particulate radiations?

Tiny particles of matter that possess mass and travel in straight lines at high speed.

What are the uses of dental radiographs?

Detects lesions, evaluates growth & development, provides information during dental procedures, confirms or classifies suspected disease.

What are the four types of particulate radiation?

Electrons, Alpha particles, Protons, Neutrons.

What is the ALARA concept?

Keep radiation exposure as low as possible.

What is the anode in an X-ray tube?

The positive (+) electrode.

What is Bremsstrahlung radiation?

When electrons slow down as they hit the nucleus.

What is the cathode in an X-ray tube?

The negative (-) electrode.

What is contrast in a radiograph?

The difference between black, white, and gray in an image.

What is the control panel in an X-ray unit?

The part with the switch, buttons, and exposure control.

What is density in a radiograph?

The darkness of the image.

What is distortion in a radiograph?

When the image size or shape is incorrect.

What is the dose of radiation?

The amount of radiation absorbed.

What is a dosimeter?

A device that measures radiation exposure.

What is an ion?

A charged atom.

What is ionizing radiation?

Radiation that removes electrons from atoms.

What is kilovoltage (kVp)?

The power of the X-ray beam.

What is the latent period?

The time between radiation exposure and symptoms.

What is a lead apron used for?

Protects the body from radiation.

What is a milliampere (mA)?

A unit that controls the number of X-rays produced.

What is penumbra?

The blurry edges of an X-ray image.

What is a photon?

A tiny bundle of energy.

What is the primary beam?

The main X-ray beam.

What is radiation?

Energy moving through space.

What is a radiation monitoring badge?

A badge that tracks radiation exposure.

What is a radiograph?

An X-ray image.

What is scatter radiation?

Radiation that bounces off objects.

What is secondary radiation?

Radiation created when the primary beam hits something.

What is sharpness in a radiograph?

How clear the image is.

What are somatic effects of radiation?

Radiation effects that harm the body (like cancer).

What is a thyroid collar?

A shield for the neck to protect the thyroid from radiation.

What is the tubehead in an X-ray unit?

The part that makes X-rays.

What is the tungsten target?

The spot in the anode where X-rays are made.

What is X-radiation?

High-energy radiation used in X-rays.