x-ray 1
Q: Who discovered radiation?
A: Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
Q: What is radiation?
A: A form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles
Q: What is the maximum number of electrons that can exist in each shell?
A: 2, 8, 18, 32, 50
Q: What is matter?
A: Anything that occupies space and has mass
Q: What is an atom?
A: The fundamental unit of matter
Q: What is the shell located closest to the nucleus?
A: K Shell
Q: What is a proton?
A: A particle that carries a positive (+) charge
Q: What is an electron?
A: A particle that carries a negative (-) charge
Q: What is a neutron?
A: A particle that carries no charge
Q: What is a neutral atom?
A: An atom that contains an equal number of protons and electrons
Q: What is a wavelength?
A: The distance between the crest of one wave to the crest of the next
Q: What is the speed of the wave?
A: Velocity
Q: What are wavelengths measured in?
A: Nanometers
Q: What is a Step-Down Transformer?
A: A device used to decrease the voltage from the 110 line to 3-5 volts
Q: What is a Step-Up Transformer?
A: A device used to increase the voltage from 65,000 to 100,000 volts
Q: What is the amount of energy converted to X-rays?
A: Less than 1%
Q: What are examples of electromagnetic radiation?
A: Gamma rays, radio waves, cosmic rays, microwaves, X-rays, radar waves
Q: What is radioactivity?
A: The process by which certain unstable atoms undergo decay in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state
Q: What are the three components of an X-ray machine?
A: The Control Panel, The Extension Arm, The Tube Head
Q: What is the function of the aluminum filter?
A: It filters out long wavelengths
Q: What is the function of the collimator?
A: It restricts the size of the X-ray beam
Q: What is the most common possibility when an X-ray photon interacts with matter?
A: Compton scatter
Q: What is ionization?
A: The process in which an atom loses an electron
Q: What year were X-rays discovered?
A: 1895
Q: Who exposed the first dental radiograph on a live person or introduced paralleling?
A: C. Edmund Kells
Q: What is amperage?
A: The measurement of the number of electrons moving through a conductor
Q: What are wavelengths measured in?
A: Nanometers
Q: What are radio waves?
A: The lowest wavelength on the electromagnetic spectrum
Q: What is the purpose of the anode?
A: To convert electrons into X-ray photons
Q: What is frequency?
A: The number of wavelengths that pass a given point in a certain amount of time
Q: What are the properties of X-rays?
A: Invisible
No mass or weight
Travel at the speed of light
Travel in waves
Travel in straight lines
Q: What are particulate radiations?
A: Tiny particles of matter that possess mass and travel in straight lines at high speed
Q: What are the uses of dental radiographs?
A: Detects lesions
Evaluates growth & development
Provides information during dental procedures
Confirms or classifies suspected disease
Q: What are the four types of particulate radiation?
A:
Electrons
Alpha particles
Protons
Neutrons
Q: What is the ALARA concept?
A: Keep radiation exposure as low as possible.
Q: What is the anode in an X-ray tube?
A: The positive (+) electrode.
Q: What is an atom?
A: The basic unit of matter.
Q: What is Bremsstrahlung radiation?
A: When electrons slow down as they hit the nucleus.
Q: What is the cathode in an X-ray tube?
A: The negative (-) electrode.
Q: What is contrast in a radiograph?
A: The difference between black, white, and gray in an image.
Q: What is the control panel in an X-ray unit?
A: The part with the switch, buttons, and exposure control.
Q: What is density in a radiograph?
A: The darkness of the image.
Q: What is distortion in a radiograph?
A: When the image size or shape is incorrect.
Q: What is the dose of radiation?
A: The amount of radiation absorbed.
Q: What is a dosimeter?
A: A device that measures radiation exposure.
Q: What is an electron?
A: A negative (-) charged particle.
Q: What is energy?
A: The ability to do work.
Q: What is the extension arm in an X-ray machine?
A: The movable arm that holds the tubehead.
Q: What is an ion?
A: A charged atom.
Q: What is ionization?
A: When electrons are removed from an atom.
Q: What is ionizing radiation?
A: Radiation that removes electrons from atoms.
Q: What is kilovoltage (kVp)?
A: The power of the X-ray beam.
Q: What is the latent period?
A: The time between radiation exposure and symptoms.
Q: What is a lead apron used for?
A: Protects the body from radiation.
Q: What is matter?
A: Anything that takes up space.
Q: What is a milliampere (mA)?
A: A unit that controls the number of X-rays produced.
Q: What is penumbra?
A: The blurry edges of an X-ray image.
Q: What is a photon?
A: A tiny bundle of energy.
Q: What is the primary beam?
A: The main X-ray beam.
Q: What is radiation?
A: Energy moving through space.
Q: What is a radiation monitoring badge?
A: A badge that tracks radiation exposure.
Q: What is a radiograph?
A: An X-ray image.
Q: What is scatter radiation?
A: Radiation that bounces off objects.
Q: What is secondary radiation?
A: Radiation created when the primary beam hits something.
Q: What is sharpness in a radiograph?
A: How clear the image is.
Q: What are somatic effects of radiation?
A: Radiation effects that harm the body (like cancer).
Q: What is a thyroid collar?
A: A shield for the neck to protect the thyroid from radiation.
Q: What is the tubehead in an X-ray unit?
A: The part that makes X-rays.
Q: What is the tungsten target?
A: The spot in the anode where X-rays are made.
Q: What is X-radiation?
A: High-energy radiation used in X-rays.
Q: What is the ALARA concept?
A: The concept of radiation protection that states that all exposure should be kept “as low as reasonably achievable.”
Q: What is the anode in an X-ray tube?
A: The positive (+) electrode in the X-ray tube.
Q: What is an atom?
A: The basic unit of matter.
Q: What is Bremsstrahlung radiation?
A: "Breaking radiation"—the sudden deceleration of electrons as they interact with highly positively charged nuclei.
Q: What is the cathode in an X-ray tube?
A: The negative (-) electrode in the X-ray tube.
Q: What is contrast in a radiographic image?
A: The differences in the degrees of blackness on an image.
Q: What is the control panel in an X-ray unit?
A: The portion of the X-ray unit that contains the master switch, the indicator light, the selector buttons, and the exposure button.
Q: What is density in a radiographic image?
A: The overall darkness or blackness of an image.
Q: What is distortion in a radiographic image?
A: A change in the size of an image caused by incorrect vertical angulation.
Q: What is the dose of radiation?
A: The amount of energy absorbed by the tissues.
Q: What is a dosimeter?
A: A device used to detect and measure an accumulated dosage of radiation.
Q: What is an electron?
A: A negatively (-) charged particle in an atom.
Q: What is energy?
A: The ability to do work.
Q: What is the extension arm in an X-ray machine?
A: The flexible arm that is attached to the tube head.
Q: What is an ion?
A: An electrically charged particle.
Q: What is ionization?
A: The process by which electrons are removed from atoms, causing the harmful effects of radiation in humans.
Q: What is ionizing radiation?
A: Radiation that produces ionization, resulting in harmful effects.
Q: What is kilovoltage (kVp)?
A: The highest voltage of the X-ray tube used during an exposure.
Q: What is the latent period?
A: The time between exposure to ionizing radiation and the appearance of symptoms.
Q: What is a lead apron used for?
A: A device used to protect the reproductive and blood-forming tissues from scatter radiation.
Q: What is matter?
A: Anything that occupies space and has form or shape.
Q: What is a milliampere (mA)?
A: One one-thousandth (1/1000) of an ampere; a unit of measure used to describe the intensity of an electrical current.
Q: What is penumbra?
A: The blurred or indistinct area that surrounds an image.
Q: What is a photon?
A: A tiny bundle of pure energy that has no weight or mass.
Q: What is the primary beam?
A: The most penetrating beam produced at the target of the anode; also called primary radiation.
Q: What is radiation?
A: Forms of waves of energy emission through space or material.
Q: What is a radiation monitoring badge?
A: A device that contains a film packet used to detect and measure radiation exposure of personnel.
Q: What is a radiograph?
A: An image produced on photosensitive film by exposing the film to radiation and then processing it.
Q: What is scatter radiation?
A: A form of secondary radiation that occurs when an X-ray beam has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter.
Q: What is secondary radiation?
A: X-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter.
Q: What is sharpness in a radiographic image?
A: A measure of how well an image reproduces the fine details or outline of an object.
Q: What are somatic effects of radiation?
A: The effects of radiation that cause illness and are responsible for poor health (such as cancer, leukemia, and cataracts) but are not passed on to offspring.
Q: What is a thyroid collar?
A: A flexible lead shield that is placed securely around the neck.
Q: What is the tubehead in an X-ray unit?
A: The part of the X-ray unit that contains the X-ray tube, the high-voltage and low-voltage transformers, and insulating oil.
Q: What is the tungsten target?
A: The focal spot in the anode.
Q: What is X-radiation?
A: High-energy ionizing electromagnetic radiation.