External forces

examples of government policies

e.g. Regeneration schemes and financial incentives for industries, like subsides, tax breaks and enterprise zones. 

how government policies can affect demographic characteristics

• e.g. one child policy in China to reduce the birth rate 

• policies may attract certain popn. e.g.young working popn

governmnet policies affect on cultural characteristics

• Controlling immigration 

• e.g. in the 1960s the German government invited Turkish people to live and work in Germany, many Turkish people migrated, resulting in the integration of Turkish culture in areas 

how gov. policies affect socio-economic characteristics

• regeneration schemes 

• e.g. Hulme city challenge, Manchester, led to a increase in population, created jobs, reduced unemployment and crime 

how can the decisions of TNCs affect the character of a place

• Massive economic boost – jobs created, often with high wages 

• Attracts migrants 

• e.g. Apple in Ireland