DATA/COMPUTER SCIENCE - UNIT 2

COMPUTING DEVICE

a machine that can run a program

COMPUTING SYSTEM

a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose

COMPUTING NETWORK

a group of interconnected computing systems capable of sending or receiving data

PATH

the series of connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver

BANDWIDTH

the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second

THE INTERNET IS ACTUALLY…

sets of protocols that are used to communicate over networks

IPv4

original, 32-bit, widely used method to intensify devices on a network using an addressing system

IPv6/IPng

a more recent/updated version of IP addressing with 128-bits

ROUTER

a type of computer that forwards data across a network

REDUNDANCY

the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network.

FAULT TOLERANT

can continue to function even in the event of individual component failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups.

PACKET

a chunk of data sent over a network—larger messages are divided into packets that may arrive at the destination in order, out-of-order, or not at all

DATASTREAM

information passed through the internet in packets

PACKET METADATA

Data added to packets to help route them through the network and reassemble the original message.

TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL

a protocol for sending packets that does error-checking to ensure all packets are received and properly ordered

USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL

a protocol for sending packets quickly with minimal error-checking and no resending of dropped packets

SCALABILITY

the capacity for the system to change in size and scale to meet new demands

DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM

the system responsible for translating domain names like example.com into IP ADDRESSES, important for helping the internet scale

WORLD WIDE WEB

a system of linked pages, programs, and files

HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL

a protocol for computers to request and share the pages that make up the world wide web on the internet

HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE

structure and display content on webpages that tells a browser how to organize text, images,

links, and other elements so they appear correctly when a page is loaded over the internet

MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL

a unique identifier assigned to each individual device’s network interface card that is connected to a given network, can be static or randomized

NETWORK INTERFACE CARD

a hardware component that enables a device to connect to a network

PROTOCOL

an agreed-upon set of rules that specify the behavior of some system

IP ADDRESS

the unique number assigned to each device on the Internet.

INTERNET PROTOCOL

a protocol for sending data across the internet that assigns unique numbers to each connected device

INTERNET

the network used to access the files on the world wide web