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What was the first Protestant faith?
Lutheranism
What were the different aspects of Calvin’s reformation?
Predestination
What did the Peace of Augsburg formally do?
Acceptance the division of Christianity
What was the reaction to the publication of Martin Luther’s 95 theses?
Attacked the abuses of the sale of indulgences, which marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
Who was the best known Christian Humanist ? Why?
Eramus. He laid eggs Luther hatched
Why did parents in Renaissance Italy arranged marriages?
Strengthen family ties or business ties
What was the name of the journey that slaves took from Africa to the Americas?
The Middle Passage
What is the name of economic principles that dominated the 17th century?
Mercantilism
What was the original purpose of African slaves?
Work the sugarcane plantations
What were the Moluccas known to Europeans as?
Spice Islands
Where did the English establish their first permanent settlement in the 17th Century?
Jamestown, Virginia
Who explored the New England coastline for England?
Cabot
What did Columbus go to his grave thinking he had discovered? What did he discover instead?
Asia; the Americas
Who was the Aztec ruler of Mexico that fought against Spanish conquistadors?
Moctezuma
What is absolutism?
system whereby a ruler holds total power
What monarchy/dynasty ruled the southern French Kingdom of Navarre?
Bourbon
Who laid the foundation for a Constitutional Monarchy in England?
William III and Mary II
Why was Phillip II famous? What was his nickname?
Most catholic king
Who were Puritans?
Feld england seeking religious persecution; settled in New world
What did Peter the Great want to do to Russia ?
Modernize or westernize Russia
According to the new civil constitution for the Clergy, bishops and priests were to be elected by ?
by the people and paid by state
Christinite de Pizan was known for ?
works written in the defense of women
Louis XIV maintained complete authority as monarch by?
Ruling as an absolute monarch; catering to the nobility
The pitiful conditions created by the industrial revolution gave rise to what political practice ?
Socialism
Francis Bacon, who developed the scientific method, was a ?
Philosopher
Huguenots made up what percent of the French population?
The made up about 2% of the population
What did the commissariat established by Frederick Wilhelm in Prussia become?
both a military and civil agency
What two things did the Edict of Nantes recognize?
religous freedom and civil right in france
What did Peter the Great want to do to Russia?
transform Russia into a maritime, or sea faring empire
Who wanted to increase the wealth and power of France by the ideas of mercantilism? What is mercantilism?
Jean-Baptiste Colbert; a form of economic nationalism that sought to increase the prosperity and power of a nation through restrictive trade practices. Its goal was to increase the supply of the state's gold and silver with exports rather than to deplete it through imports, it also sought to support domestic employment.
Who Rousseau argued that society should be governed by ?
Social contract
What are the three branches of the US government ?
Judicial, executive, and legislative
William Shakespeare’s work is the best example of what type of literature ?
Elizabethan
The committee of public safety was given broad powers to defend where from all threats?
France
Which French estates were not exempt from the taille ?
3r estate (commoners)
The more humane method of execution during the Reign of Terror was ?
Beheading via the guillotine
Shakespeare is best described as ?
master of the English Language, shareholder of a theater company, and an actor.
Courts set up during the Reign of Terror were to prosecute?
enemies of the republic
The Industrial Revolution created new jobs in the following industries?
railroad, mining, and factories.
The steam engine was improved by ?
James Watt
In 1848, revolutions happened in what three European nations ?
France, Germany, and Italy.
Metternich claimed what after Napoleon was defeated ?
that all lawful monarchs should be restored.
What European entity did not challenge Bismask’s Authority?
Prussian army
How was Britain able to avoid a revolution ?
gave the industrial middle class the right to vote
Garibaldi and thousands of volunteers brought unification to what country in EUrope ?
Italy
What is Louis Pasteur known for?
the germ theory of disease
What is Charles Dawrwin known for ?
theory of natural selection
Who founded the society of Jesus, or Jesuits?
Ignatius of Loyola
Who was the group in ENgland that was inspired by the purer ideas of Calvinism ?
Puritans
Council of Trent
Reformed the Catholic church after the protestant reformation
Dowry
Payment for marrying into a family during the Renaissance.
Balance of trade
Export more than you import
Machiavell
wrote the politically influential book The price
John Calvin
Create calvinism ; believed in Predestination
Anabaptists
the Reformation, a member of a Protestant group that believed in baptizing only those persons that were old enough to decide to be Christian and believed in the separation of church and state.
Edict of Worms
made Martin Luther an outlaw in the Holy Roman Empire
Predestination
belief that god had determined in advanced who would be saved and who would be damned
Divine Rights of Kings
idea that the kinds received their power from God
Treaty of Tordesillas
Divided the New world between spain and portugal
Bureaucracy-
Government run by that is made decisions not the elected representatives.
Peace of Westphalia
Treaty at the end of the 30 years war
Versailles
Palace of Louis XIV; built outside capital of paris
Dante
wrote Denne Comedy
Cavaliers
supporters of Charles I during English civil War
Triangular Trade
economic links between Europe, Asia/Africa, and the new world
Colony
a land controlled by another nation
Mercantilism
economic principles that dominated the colonial period
Charles I-
Rules of england after English war
Glorious Revolution
Restored the English monarchy; moved to constitutional monarchy led by william and mary ; bloodless.
Armada
a fleet of warships
John Locke
People re born with a tabula rasa, believed all humans had natural night of life, liberty, and property/pursuit of happiness; influence AMerican constitution; if ruling government did adhere to the citizen’s natural rights, citizens had the right to revolt
Encomienda
economic system of colonial American; large plantations that were used for economic gains and used as a slaver of economic profits.
Miguel Cervantes
AUthor of Don Quixote
Ferdinand Magellan
led a expedition to circumnavigate the globe
Cardinal Richelieu
chief advisor to King Louis XII
Robespierre
head of the Committee for Public safety
Plantatio
large agricultural estates
Marie Antoinette
wife of King Louis XVI
Puddling-
process of purifying iron
Treaty of Paris 1763-
ended the Seven years War
Handel
composer that wrote The Messiah
Boyars
member of the Russian nobility
Bastille
storming of his armory and prison that marked the beginning of the French Revolution.
Congress of Vienna
memeeting of the great powers to restore Europe
Bourgeoisie
middle class
Note 
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