AP Psych Unit 9

Conformity

The act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms

Social Influence

The ways people are affected by the real or imagined pressures of others

Chameleon Effect

Unconsciously mimicking others automatically without effort

Muzafer Sherif (1936)

Study of how norms develop in small groups

Solomon Asch (1951)

Study on how people’s beliefs affect the beliefs of others

Obedience

Changing one’s behavior at the direct command of an authority figure

Stanley Milgram (1963)

Designed one of the more famous experiments in the history of psychology on obedience

Group

A set of individuals who interact over time and have shared fate, goals, or identity

Social Facilitation

A process whereby the presence of others enhances performance on easy tasks but impairs performance on difficult tasks

Stereotype

Overgeneralized mental schemas about a group of people based only on their membership in a group

Passionate Love

Emotional love expressed physically, exciting and intense, usually at the start of a relationship.

Companionate Love

Settled form of passionate love, enduring and warm, with intimacy and commitment, common in long-term relationships.

Consummate Love

Ideal love combining intimacy, passion, and commitment, the most complete form of love.

Social Cognition

How people gather, use, and interpret social information.

Attribution Theory

Explains behavior by crediting internal traits or environmental factors.

Dispositional Attributions

Blaming behavior on internal traits like personality.

Situational Attributions

Blaming behavior on external factors like the environment.

Cognitive Bias

Systematic thinking error affecting decisions and judgments.

Fundamental Attribution Error

Underestimating situational impact and overestimating personal factors in assessing others' behavior.

Self-Serving Bias

Blaming external forces for bad events and taking credit for good events.

Actor-Observer Bias

Attributing own actions to external causes and others' actions to internal causes.

False Consensus Effect

Overestimating others' agreement with our opinions.

Just-World Phenomenon

Belief that the world is fair and people get what they deserve.

Attitude

Evaluation of a person, idea, or object, influencing actions and actions influencing attitudes.

Central Route of Persuasion

Careful consideration of communication, influenced by strong arguments.

Peripheral Route of Persuasion

Influence by superficial cues rather than careful thinking.

Elaboration Likelihood Model of Attitude Change

Processing persuasive messages when motivated and capable.

Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon

Agreeing to a small request leading to compliance with a larger request later.

Door-In-The-Face Technique

Asking for a large commitment, being refused, then asking for a smaller commitment and getting agreement.

Cognitive Dissonance

Discomfort when behavior doesn't match attitudes, leading to attitude or behavior change.