Animal Kingdom - Non-Chordates

Fertilization

________ is internal and development is indirect having a larval stage that is morphologically distinct from the adult.

Ganglion

________) connected by lateral nerves to a double ventral nerve cord.

Fertilisation

________ is internal and development may be direct (the young ones resemble the adult) or indirect.

Bioluminescence

________ (the property of a living organism to emit light) is well- marked in ctenophores.

Aquatic annelids

________ like Nereis possess lateral appendages, parapodia, which help in swimming.

Respiratory organs

________ are gills, book gills, book lungs or tracheal system.

Cnidarians

________ exhibit two basic body forms called polyp and medusa.

Hemichordata

________ was earlier considered as a sub- phylum under phylum Chordata.

Neural system

________ consists of paired ganglia (sing.

central cavity

Water enters through minute pores (ostia) in the body wall into a(n) ________, spongocoel, from where it goes out through the osculum.

Digestion

________ is both extracellular and intracellular.

Hemichordates

________ have a rudimentary structure in the collar region called stomochord, a structure similar to notochord.

body cavity

The animals in which the ________ is absent are called acoelomates.

Alimentary canal

________ is complete with a welldeveloped muscular pharynx.

name cnidaria

The ________ is derived from the cnidoblasts or cnidocytes (which contain the stinging capsules or nematocysts) present on the tentacles and the body.

Animals

________ can be categorized on the basis of their symmetry.

vascular cavity

They have a central gastro- ________ with a single opening, mouth on hypostome.

Molluscs

________ are terrestrial or aquatic (marine or fresh water) having an organ- system level of organisation.

Sexes

________ are separate (dioecious), i.e., males and females are distinct.

Respiration

________ takes place through gills.

Flatworms

________ are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and acoelomate animals with organ level of organisation.

Roundworms

________ have organ- system level of body organisation.

fresh water

They may be aquatic (marine and ________) or terrestrial; free- living, and sometimes parasitic.

notochord

The ________ is a mesodermally derived rod- like structure formed on the dorsal side during embryonic development in some animals.

external rows

The body bears eight ________ of ciliated comb plates, which help in locomotion.

pseudocoelomate animals

They are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and ________.

Sponges

________ reproduce asexually by fragmentation and sexually by the formation of gametes.

Excretion

________ takes place through malpighian tubules.

circular muscles

They possess longitudinal and ________ which help in locomotion.

Reproduction

________ takes place only by sexual means.

calcareous shell

Body is covered by a(n) ________ and is unsegmented with a distinct head, muscular foot and visceral hump.

Cnidoblasts

________ are used for anchorage, defense and for the capture of prey.

marine

They are aquatic, mostly ________, sessile or free- swimming, radially symmetrical animals.

Annelids

In animals like ________, Arthropods, Molluscs, Echinoderms, and Chordates, organs have associated to form functional systems, each system concerned with a specific physiological function.

diploblastic organisms

Ctenophores, commonly known as sea walnuts or comb jellies are exclusively marine, radially symmetrical, ________ with tissue level of organisation.

anterior head region

The ________ has sensory tentacles.

bilateral symmetry

Animals like annelids, arthropods, etc., where the body can be divided into identical left and right halves in only one plane, exhibit ________.

coelomate animals

They are triploblastic and ________.

Digestive system

________ is complete with mouth on the lower (ventral) side and anus on the upper (dorsal) side.

excretory tube

A(n) ________ removes body wastes from the body cavity through the excretory pore.

central axis

When any plane passing through the ________ of the body divides the organism into two identical halves, it is called radial symmetry.

non chordates

Animals with notochord are called chordates and those animals which do not form this structure are called ________.

embryonic layers

Animals in which the cells are arranged in two ________, external ectoderm, and internal endoderm, are called diploblastic animals.

asymmetrical animals

They are generally marine and mostly ________.

Cnidarians

________ exhibit tissue level of organisation and are diploblastic.

Digestion

________ is extracellular and intracellular.

body cavity

In some animals, the ________ is not lined by mesoderm, instead, the mesoderm is present as scattered pouches in between the ectoderm and endoderm.

Fertilisation

________ is usually internal.

Sponges

________ have a water transport or canal system.

Fertilisation

________ is internal and development is through many larval stages.

Examples

Sycon (Scypha), Spongilla (Fresh water sponge) and Euspongia (Bath sponge)

Examples

Physalia (Portuguese man-of-war), Adamsia (Sea anemone), Pennatula (Sea-pen), Gorgonia (Sea-fan) and Meandrina (Brain coral)

Examples

Pleurobrachia and Ctenoplana

Examples

Taenia (Tapeworm), Fasciola (Liver fluke)

Examples

Ascaris (Roundworm), Wuchereria (Filaria worm), Ancylostoma (Hookworm)

Examples

Nereis, Pheretima (Earthworm) and Hirudinaria (Blood sucking leech)

Examples

Pila (Apple snail), Pinctada (Pearl oyster), Sepia (Cuttlefish), Loligo (Squid), Octopus (Devil fish), Aplysia (Seahare), Dentalium (Tusk shell) and Chaetopleura (Chiton)

Examples

Asterias (Star fish), Echinus (Sea urchin), Antedon (Sea lily), Cucumaria (Sea cucumber) and Ophiura (Brittle star)

Examples

Balanoglossus and Saccoglossus