Carboxylic acids - Topic 6

What is the Carboxylic acid functional group

COOH

Are Carboxylic acids weak or strong

Weak

How do boiling points change for Carboxylic acids

Longer carbon chain means higher boiling point due to more London forces

What can Carboxylic acids form that increase boiling point and solubility

Hydrogen bonds

Between hexanoic acid and ethanoic acid which will be more soluble in water

Ethanoic because a higher percentage of it will be able to form hydrogen bonds with water

what can Carboxylic acids be synthesised from

Primary alcohols, aldehydes, nitriles

What reaction do primary alcohols and aldehydes undergo to form Carboxylic acids

Oxidation

What reagent is needed in the synthesis of carboxylic acids from primary alcohols or aldehydes

acidified potassium dichromate

What condition is required for the oxidation of primary alcohols to form carboxylic acids

Reflux

What observation will occur when primary alcohols are oxidised

Colour change orange to green

What reaction do nitriles undergo to form Carboxylic acids

Hydrolysis

What reagent is needed in the hydrolysis of nitriles

HCl

What does the reduction of carboxylic acids form

Primary alcohols

What reducing agent is used to form primary alcohols from carboxylic acids

LiAlH4

What conditions are needed in the reduction of carboxylic acids

Dry ether, heat

Which organic product does halogenation of carboxylic acids form

Acyl chlorides

What reagent is needed to form acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids

PCl5

List all products are formed from halogenation of carboxylic acids

Phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3), HCl, Acyl chloride

How do we know that HCl has been produced

Misty fumes

What reagent is needed in the esterification of carboxylic acids

Alcohol

What conditions are needed for the esterification of carboxylic acids

Sulphuric acid catalyst, reflux

What does the reaction of carboxylic acids with metal carbonates form

Salt, water, carbon dioxide

How can we see the presence of CO2

Effervescence