Module 7: Newborn Care (Part III)

Infection

A neonate with gray-colored skin indicates what potential issue?

Central cyanosis

What type of cyanosis indicates decreased oxygenation occurring as a result of a temporary respiratory obstruction or reflecting a serious underlying disease?

Sclerae, skin, and mucous membrane

Physiologic jaundice involves the yellow discoloration of which three body parts?

50-70, 2nd, 3rd, 2nd week

Fill in the blanks: Physiologic jaundice affects __% of newborns, in which they appear on the __ or __ day of life and subside on the __ of life.

glucuronyl transferase

What enzyme cannot be produced by a neonate’s body yet? This absence prevents the conversion of indirect bilirubin to direct bilirubin for excretion.

Pregnanediol

Which component of breast milk depresses the action of glucuronyl transferase?

Harlequin sign

What is it called when a neonate, lying on their side, appears red on the dependent side and pale on the upper side?

2-4 weeks

For the first how many weeks of life does a slight desquamation of the skin occur?

Vernix caseosa

What do you call the white cream-cheese-like substance that serves as a skin lubricant and is typically noticed in the skin folds?

Milia

What term refers to the pinpoint size/tiny white spots seen on the face, nose, and chin due to obstruction of the sebaceous glands?

2-4 weeks of age

When does milia usually disappear?

Erythema toxicum

Also known as the flea-bite rash, this appears on the 1st-4th day of life and is caused by the eosinophils reacting to the rough environment of sheets and clothing against the skin.

Lanugo

What do you call the fine downy hair that covers a newborn’s shoulders, back, and upper arms?

1-2 weeks

Fill in the blanks: Lanugo usually disappears within __ of life.

Hemangioma

What term refers to the vascular tumors of the skin?

Nevus Flammeus

What term refers to the macular purple/dark red colored lesion sometimes called port-wine stain, located generally in the face and thighs, and can be removed surgically?

Stork’s Beak Mark

What term refers to lighter, pink patches that do not fade and is usually in the nape of the neck covered by hair?

Strawberry/Infantile Hemangioma

What term refers to elevated areas formed by immature capillaries and endothelial cells?

Cortisone

What is usually applied to speed the disappearance of strawberry/infantile hemangioma by interfering with the binding of estrogen to its receptor sites?

Cavernous hemangioma

These birthmarks are dilated vascular spaces located at the back of the ears, face, and neck. They may cause internal bleeding, leading to hyperbilirubinemia or anemia.

Mongolian spots

These birthmarks refer to slate gray patches across the sacrum or buttocks and consist of a collection of pigment cells.

School age

When do Mongolian spots disappear?

Forceps marks

This birthmark matches the rim of the blade of the forceps on the infant’s cheek and usually disappears in 1-2 days.

Dehydration

A newborn with an indented anterior fontanelle indicates?

Increased intracranial pressure

A newborn with a bulging anterior fontanelle indicates?

Caput succedaneum

This common condition of the newborn is characterized by edema of the scalp.

3rd day of life

At about what day of life does caput succedaneum gradually absorb and eventually disappear?

Cephalohematoma

This common condition of the newborn is characterized by a collection of blood between the periosteum of the skull and the bone itself.

Craniotabes

This common condition of the newborn refers to a localized softening of the cranial bones due to the pressure exerted against the mother’s pelvic bone.

Blinking reflex

How is vision tested in newborns? What sign indicates present vision? (One answer only.)

Immature lacrimal ducts

Why do newborn experience tearless crying?

3 months

At what age do lacrimal ducts mature?

False

True or False: If a baby’s eyes are gray upon birth, their eyes will remain gray their whole lives.

3rd-12th month of life

When is a newborn’s permanent eye color assumed?

2-3 days

How many days does the edema stay on the eyes until the kidneys can efficiently evacuate fluid?

Congenital glaucoma

Corneas that are larger than usual may result from what condition?

Congenital cataract

A white pupil suggests presence of what condition?

Erythromycin ointment

Slight eye discharge is expected if __ is used.