Studied by 6 people
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size of intermediate filament
10 nn
size of microtubules
25 nm
size of microfilament
8 nm
abundant number of single celled organisms (plant and animal)
animalcules
organelles
are the structures within the cells that have specific duties to make the cell a functioning unit
Exocytosis
reverse of endocytosis: cell discharges material
Exocytosis
pinocytosis
form of endocytosis that is cell drinking
Phagocytosis
form of endocytosis that is cell eating
Phagocytosis
receptor-mediated
type of endocytosis that is specific
bulk-phase
type of endocytosis that is nonspecific
endocytosis
Movement of large material
process of facilitated transport
- protein binds with molecules
shape of protein changes
molecule moves across membrane
facilitated diffusion
differentially permeable membrane; no energy is used
hypertonic
solutes greater than outside cell ; fluid will flow out of cell; high solute concentration
isotonic
solutes equal inside and out of cell
hypotonic
solutes in cell more than outside; outside solvent will flow into cell; low solute concentration
special form of diffusion, fluid flows from lower solute concentration
osmosis
diffusion
molecules move to equalize concentration
three types of passive transport
- diffusion
- osmosis
- facilitated diffusion
Passive transport
transport system that do not require energy
chloroplasts
derived from photosynthetic bacteria; solar energy capturing organelle
mitochondria
breakdown fuel molecules; release atp
membrane bound storage sacs
vacuoles
lysosomes
contain digestive enzymes
golgi apparatus
involved in synthesis of plant cell wall; packaging and shipping station of cell
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
no attached ribosomes; has enzymes that help build molecules
rough endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes attached to surface
nuclear envelope
separates nucleus from rest of cell
nucleus
control center of the cell
centrioles
pairs of microtubular structures
flagella
whip-like extensions
cilia
used to move substances outside human cells
cytoplasm
viscous fluid containing organelles
cell walls
surrounds plasma membrane
enzymes
membrane proteins that catalyze production of substances
glycoproteins
membrane proteins that identify cell type
recognize certain chemicals
receptors
channels or transporters
move molecules in one direction
fluid mosaic model
describe fluid nature of a lipid bilayer with proteins
fluid mosaic model
phospholipids
polar; interact with water
plasma membrane
contain cell contents
endosymbiotic theory
evolution of modern cells from cells and symbiotic bacteria
Prokaryotic cells
first cell type on earth ex. bacteria
Eukaryotic
a multicellular cell that are complex. ex. plants and animal cells
organelles
structures for cell function
protoplasm
cell contains in thick fluid
7-8 μm
size of human red blood cell
25 μm long
size of trypanosoma
70 μm
size of cell body
65 μm
size of hen's egg
1-5 μm
size of mitochondrion
2-10 μm
size of chloroplast
10-100 μm
size of typical plant cell
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
type of electron microscope that balances electrons off of a sliced sample to create very detailed images
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
type of electron microscope that bounces electrons off of a whole gold coated sample to create vivid 3D images
The Cell Theory
The development and refinement of magnifying lenses and light microscopes made the observation and description of microscopic organisms and living cells possible
cells
are the smallest units of life
multicellular organisms
have specialized cells to carry out specific functions
unicellular organisms
single-celled and can carry out all of the functions of life independently
173 years
it took how many years for the cell theory to be formulated?
Rudolf Virchow
german physician who studied cell reproduction
1838
cell theory was finally formulated in what year
Rudolf Virchow
he stated that all cells come from pre existing cells
Theodor Schwann
he concluded: all animals are made of cells
Theodor Schwann
he published the 1st statement of the cell theory: all living things are made of cells and cell products
Theodor schwann
he was able to determine that all animals are made of cells
Theodor Schwann
Studied plant and animal cells, and was intrigued by the similarities between the two
Matthias Schleiden
he concluded: "all plants are made of cells"
Matthias Schleiden
German Botanist; viewed plant parts under a microscope
Matthias Schleiden
Discussion what he observed with his dear friend Theodor Schwann
Matthias Schleiden
Projected plant parts are made of cells from investigating and experimenting with plants
Matthias Schleiden
German Scientist who was fascinated with plant cells, used the compound microscope and studied plant cells.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
became one of the first scientists to refer to living cells from investigating and experimenting with his microscope
anton van leeuwenhoek
study new approaches for creating lenses to observe cloth
Robert Hooke
looked empty, like monk's chamber;called the tiny chamber "cells"
Robert Hooke
used light microscope to look at thin slices of plant tissues -- cork
1665
on what year did robert hooke discovered the cell?
Robert Hooke
He coined the term "cell
Robert Hooke
He observed that cork is composed of small, hollow compartments
Robert Hooke
he is an english scientist that used the compound microscope to observe cork
- robert hooke
- anton van leeuwenhoek
- matthias schleiden
- theodor schwann
- rudolf virchow
who are the 5 contributors to the cell theory
- all living things are composed of one or more cells
- the cell is the basic unit of life in all living things
- new cells are produced from existing cells
what are the 3 major parts of cell theory
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
first to see living microscopic organisms
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
looked at pond water organisms
Theory
a set of principles developed over time via multiple investigations
200x-10,000,000x magnification
today, microscopes magnification range from what magnification?
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
he made his own 270x magnification compound microscope
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
he figured how to grind glass together and decided to experiment
Romans
who discovered that they were able to make glass in the first century BC
Note 
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