Discoveries of Cell Theory

size of intermediate filament

10 nn

size of microtubules

25 nm

size of microfilament

8 nm

abundant number of single celled organisms (plant and animal)

\

animalcules

organelles

are the structures within the cells that have specific duties to make the cell a functioning unit

\

Exocytosis

reverse of endocytosis: cell discharges material

Exocytosis

pinocytosis

form of endocytosis that is cell drinking

\

Phagocytosis

form of endocytosis that is cell eating

Phagocytosis

receptor-mediated

type of endocytosis that is specific

bulk-phase

type of endocytosis that is nonspecific

endocytosis

Movement of large material

\

process of facilitated transport

\- protein binds with molecules

- shape of protein changes

- molecule moves across membrane

facilitated diffusion

differentially permeable membrane; no energy is used

hypertonic

solutes greater than outside cell ; fluid will flow out of cell; high solute concentration

isotonic

solutes equal inside and out of cell

hypotonic

solutes in cell more than outside; outside solvent will flow into cell; low solute concentration

special form of diffusion, fluid flows from lower solute concentration

\

osmosis

diffusion

molecules move to equalize concentration

three types of passive transport

\- diffusion

\- osmosis

\- facilitated diffusion

Passive transport

transport system that do not require energy

\

chloroplasts

derived from photosynthetic bacteria; solar energy capturing organelle

mitochondria

breakdown fuel molecules; release atp

membrane bound storage sacs

\

vacuoles

lysosomes

contain digestive enzymes

golgi apparatus

involved in synthesis of plant cell wall; packaging and shipping station of cell

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

no attached ribosomes; has enzymes that help build molecules

rough endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes attached to surface

nuclear envelope

separates nucleus from rest of cell

\

nucleus

control center of the cell

centrioles

pairs of microtubular structures

flagella

whip-like extensions

\

cilia

used to move substances outside human cells

cytoplasm

viscous fluid containing organelles

cell walls

surrounds plasma membrane

enzymes

membrane proteins that catalyze production of substances

glycoproteins

membrane proteins that identify cell type

recognize certain chemicals

receptors

channels or transporters

move molecules in one direction

\

fluid mosaic model

describe fluid nature of a lipid bilayer with proteins

fluid mosaic model

phospholipids

polar; interact with water

plasma membrane

contain cell contents

endosymbiotic theory

evolution of modern cells from cells and symbiotic bacteria

\

Prokaryotic cells

first cell type on earth ex. bacteria

Eukaryotic

a multicellular cell that are complex. ex. plants and animal cells

organelles

structures for cell function

protoplasm

cell contains in thick fluid

7-8 μm

size of human red blood cell

25 μm long

size of trypanosoma

70 μm

size of cell body

65 μm

size of hen's egg

1-5 μm

size of mitochondrion

2-10 μm

size of chloroplast

10-100 μm

size of typical plant cell

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

type of electron microscope that balances electrons off of a sliced sample to create very detailed images

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

type of electron microscope that bounces electrons off of a whole gold coated sample to create vivid 3D images

The Cell Theory

The development and refinement of magnifying lenses and light microscopes made the observation and description of microscopic organisms and living cells possible

cells

are the smallest units of life

multicellular organisms

have specialized cells to carry out specific functions

unicellular organisms

single-celled and can carry out all of the functions of life independently

173 years

\
it took how many years for the cell theory to be formulated?

Rudolf Virchow

german physician who studied cell reproduction

1838

cell theory was finally formulated in what year

Rudolf Virchow

he stated that all cells come from pre existing cells

Theodor Schwann

he concluded: all animals are made of cells

Theodor Schwann

he published the 1st statement of the cell theory: all living things are made of cells and cell products

Theodor schwann

he was able to determine that all animals are made of cells

Theodor Schwann

Studied plant and animal cells, and was intrigued by the similarities between the two

Matthias Schleiden

he concluded: "all plants are made of cells"

Matthias Schleiden

German Botanist; viewed plant parts under a microscope

Matthias Schleiden

Discussion what he observed with his dear friend Theodor Schwann

Matthias Schleiden

Projected plant parts are made of cells from investigating and experimenting with plants

Matthias Schleiden

German Scientist who was fascinated with plant cells, used the compound microscope and studied plant cells.

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

became one of the first scientists to refer to living cells from investigating and experimenting with his microscope

anton van leeuwenhoek

study new approaches for creating lenses to observe cloth

Robert Hooke

looked empty, like monk's chamber;called the tiny chamber "cells"

Robert Hooke

used light microscope to look at thin slices of plant tissues -- cork

1665

on what year did robert hooke discovered the cell?

Robert Hooke

He coined the term "cell

Robert Hooke

He observed that cork is composed of small, hollow compartments

Robert Hooke

he is an english scientist that used the compound microscope to observe cork

\- robert hooke

\- anton van leeuwenhoek

\- matthias schleiden

\- theodor schwann

\- rudolf virchow

who are the 5 contributors to the cell theory

\- all living things are composed of one or more cells

\- the cell is the basic unit of life in all living things

\- new cells are produced from existing cells

what are the 3 major parts of cell theory

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

first to see living microscopic organisms

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

looked at pond water organisms

Theory

a set of principles developed over time via multiple investigations

200x-10,000,000x magnification

today, microscopes magnification range from what magnification?

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

he made his own 270x magnification compound microscope

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

he figured how to grind glass together and decided to experiment

Romans

who discovered that they were able to make glass in the first century BC