UTA INSY 2303 Exam 3 Review (Unit 10)

Operational database

A database that is used to collect, modify, and maintain data on a daily basis.

Analytical database

A database that is used to collect data that will be used for spotting trends that offer insights for tactical and strategic business decisions.

Operational databases are commonly part of an enterprise's TPS, OLTP, CRM, SCM, or ERP information systems.

True

Operational databases store data as it is collected from point-of-sale systems, customer loyalty programs, social media signups, and other transactions.

True

With _______ , the data is typically dynamic where it changes constantly and reflects up-to-minute information.

Operational databases

Analytical databases commonly hold historical data coped from one or more transaction processing systems.

True

Unlike an operational database, the data in an analytical database is not being constantly updated, therefore it remains relatively static.

True

Because the data in analytical databases is historical, the information that can be inferred us like a snapshot of a point in time.

True

Operational databases perform the following:

1. Collect and store data

2. View data

3. Find data

4. Update data

5. Organize data

6. Distribute data

7. Move or remove data

Analytical databases store data that is used by corporate executives, strategic planners, and other workers to examine business metrics.

True

Analytical databases perform the following:

1. Find relationships and patterns using data mining.

2. Make predictions using predictive analytics.

3. Examine multiple factors using OLAP (online analytical processing).

Database model

A model that determines the logical structure of a database and fundamentally determines in which manner data can be stored, organized and manipulated.

One of the simplest models for storing data is a _______ that consists of a single, two-dimensional table of data elements.

Flat file

A _______ uses a uniform format to store data for each person or thing in the file.

Structured file

A _______ contains the smallest unit of meaningful information; it is the basic building block for a structured file or database.

Field

A _______ is like an accordion, it expands to fit the data you enter.

Variable-length field

A _______ contains a predetermined number of characters (bytes).

Fixed-length field

Record

A collection of data fields

The template for a record is a _______.

Record type

In database jargon, a _______ is an association between data that's sorted in different record types.

Relationship

Cardinality

The number of associations that can exist between two record types and the uniqueness of data values contained in a column.

The relationship between record types can be depicted graphically with an _______.

Entity-relationship diagram (ERD)

Hierarchical database

A database that allows one-to-one and one-to-many relationships which are linked in a hierarchical structure.

Graph database

A database that offers an alternative way to track relationships; its structure resembles sociograms with their interlinked nodes.

Relational database

A database that stores data in a collection of related tables.

Multidimensional database

A database that organizes relationships over three or more dimensions; in the context of databases, a dimension is a layer based on a data element, such as a product, place, or customer, that can be used to categorize data.

Object database (also called an object-oriented database or O-O)

A database that stores data as objects, which can be grouped into classes and defined by attributes and methods.

Document-oriented database

A database that stores unstructured data, such as the text of a speech.

DBMS (Database management system)

A computer-software application that interacts with end-users, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data.

DBMSs require security features to ensure data confidentiality, protect against insider threats, and block unauthorized access.

True

Most DBMSs include a report generator, which is a software tool for specifying the content and format for a database report.

True

Commands processed by the DBMS are issued using computer programming languages designed for databases.

True

Filemaker Pro and Microsoft Access are easy-to-use DBMSs that are a good fit for small businesses and individuals.

True

Modern DBMSs work with many kinds of data including text, numbers, images, PDFs, and audio files.

True

DBMSs handle the details of how to most efficiently arrange data on a storage medium for optimal access speed

True

A _______ is a calculation that a DBMS performs, similar to the way a spreadsheet computes a formula.

Computed field

Data independence

A type of data transparency that matters for a centralized DBMS and refers to the immunity of user applications to changes made in the definition and organization of data where data is separated from the programs that manipulate it.

Data redundancy

The amount of data that is duplicated in a database.

Normalization

A process that helps database designers create a database structure that minimizes storage space and increases processing efficiency by removing non-recurring expenses or revenue from a financial metric like EBITDA, EBIT or earnings.

The goal of normalization is to minimize data redundancy.

True

Big data

The huge collections of data that are difficult to process, analyze, and manage using conventional database tools.

An example of big data is the 1 million transactions generated by Walmart sales registers every hour.

True

Big data is a relatively new phenomenon that businesses are just beginning to deal with.

True

Big data is characterized as having:

1. High Volume

2. High Velocity

3. Diversified Variety

4. Unknown Veracity

5. Low-density Value (low-density data refers to large volumes of data containing unimportant details).

A high percentage of today's expenditures on big data are for technologies that enhance the customer experience and provide targeted marketing solutions.

True

Real-time analysis and decision making are popular reasons to invest in big data technologies.

True

Mainstream big data exploration produces commercial benefits.

True

Hadoop

An open source, Java-based programming framework that supports the processing and storage of extremely large data sets in a distributed computing environment.

MapReduce

A programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating big data sets with a parallel, distributed algorithm on a cluster.

Data mining

A process used by companies to turn raw data into useful information by using software to look for patterns in large batches of data, businesses.

Distributed database

A database in which portions of the database are stored in multiple physical locations and processing is distributed among multiple database nodes.

Relationship

A set of software applications that help an organization determine the needs and preferences of their customers by managing, organizing, tracking and storing all customer interactions.

Entity-relationship diagram (sometimes called an ER diagram or ERD)

A data modeling technique used in software engineering to produce a conceptual data model of a information system.

The SQL query language provides a collection of special command words called SQL keywords, such as SELECT, FROM, INSERT, and WHERE.

True

Most SQL queries can be divided into three simple elements that specify an action, the name of a database table, and a set of parameters.

True

An SQL query begins with an action keyword, or command, which specifies the operation you want carried out.

True

Parameters

Detailed specifications for a command.

SQL/ SQL commands

Domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a relational database management system.

CREATE SQL command

Description: Create a database or table

Example: CREATE TABLE Albums

INSERT SQL command

Description: Add a record

Example: INSERT INTO AlbumDescription (Cat#, Condition) VALUES ('LPM-2256', 'Mint condition; no visible scratches; original album cover')

UPDATE SQL command

Description: Change data in a field

Example: UPDATE Albums SET Price = 15.95 WHERE Cat# = 'LPM-2256'

DELETE SQL command

Description: Remove a record from a table

Example: DELETE FROM Tracks WHERE TrackTitle = 'Blue Suede Shoes'

JOIN SQL command

Description: Use the data from two tables

Example: SELECT FROM Albums JOIN Tracks ON Albums.Cat# = Tracks.Cat#

SELECT SQL command

Description: Search for records

Example: SELECT FROM Albums WHERE Artist = 'Beatles'