Phlebotomy Essentials Chapters 1 2 3 Review

Word Parts

Elements, including prefixes, suffixes, and roots, used to form complex medical terms.

-al

A suffix meaning 'pertaining to'.

pre-

A prefix meaning 'before'.

post-

A prefix meaning 'after'.

menstru

The root word referring to 'menstrual period'.

premenstrual

Pertaining to before the menstrual period.

postmenstrual

Pertaining to after the menstrual period.

Directional Terms

Terms used to describe the position of body structures, such as trans- (through) and intra- (within).

Body Cavities

Spaces within the body, including dorsal, ventral, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic.

Anatomical Regions

Specific areas of the body used for localized assessment such as right upper quadrant and left lower quadrant.

Body Systems

Groups of organs that work together to perform specific functions.

Integumentary System

The body system that includes skin, hair, and nails.

Skeletal System

The body system consisting of bones, cartilage, and ligaments.

Muscular System

The body system responsible for movement and stability.

Lymphatic/Immune System

The body system that helps defend against infection.

Respiratory System

The body system involved in breathing and gas exchange.

Digestive System

The body system that processes food and absorbs nutrients.

Nervous System

The body system that coordinates bodily functions through signaling.

Endocrine System

The body system that produces hormones regulating various body functions.

Urinary System

The body system that removes liquid waste and maintains fluid balance.

Reproductive System

The body system responsible for producing offspring.

Test Panels and Profiles

Groups of related tests used to assess conditions.

Lipid Panel

A panel of tests measuring lipids in the blood to assess cardiovascular risk.

Renal Panel

A panel of tests evaluating kidney function.

Liver Panel

A collection of tests assessing liver function.

Glucose

A sugar that is essential for energy; measured in blood tests.

Hemoglobin A1c

A blood test measuring average blood sugar over the past 2-3 months.

Electrolytes

Minerals in the blood that help with various bodily functions.

CBC (Complete Blood Count)

A blood test that evaluates the components of blood.

Urinalysis

A test analyzing urine for physical and chemical properties.

Urine Culture

A test to identify bacteria in urine samples.

Hematology

The study and treatment of blood disorders.

Immunology

The study of the immune system and its function.

Microbiology

The study of microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses.

Coagulation

The process involving blood clotting.

Molecular Diagnostics

Testing using molecular and DNA techniques to detect diseases.

Infection Control

Practices to prevent the spread of infections.

Hazard Communication

Information about chemical hazards and safety protocols.

Patient Interaction

Engagement with patients to ensure understanding and compliance.

Dietary Restrictions

Guidelines on eating before laboratory tests affecting results.

Fasting

Abstaining from food and drink for a specified time before testing.

Pathologists

Medical doctors responsible for diagnosing diseases through laboratory analysis.

Histologists

Specialists who prepare and examine body tissues.

Cytologists

Professionals who study cells and their functions.

Phlebotomists

Specialists trained in blood collection techniques.

Medical Laboratory Scientists (MLSs)

Professionals who perform laboratory tests and analyses.

Quality Assurance

Processes to ensure the reliability of laboratory test results.

Quality Control

Procedures to monitor accuracy and reliability in tests.

Healthcare Workers (HCWs)

Professionals providing medical care, including phlebotomists.

Ethics

Principles governing right and wrong conduct in professional practice.

HIPAA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; protects patient information.

Gerontology

The study of aging and the related health issues.

Medicaid

State and federally funded insurance for low-income individuals.

Medicare

Federal health insurance primarily for those aged 65 and older.

Patient Care Partnership

Document outlining patient rights and roles per the American Hospital Association.

Empathy

The ability to understand and share the feelings of others.

CPT codes

Current Procedural Terminology codes used for billing healthcare services.

ICD Codes

International Classification of Diseases used for diagnosis coding.

Proxemics

The study of personal space in communication.

Cisgender

Individuals whose gender identity matches their sex assigned at birth.

Blood Cultures

Tests to identify microorganisms in the bloodstream.

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

Tests measuring oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in blood.

Aorta

The largest artery in the body leading from the heart.

Artery

Blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

Atrium

Upper chamber of the heart receiving blood.

Thrombocyte, or Platelet

Cells involved in blood clotting.

Ventricle

Lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood.

Plasma

Liquid portion of blood containing water, electrolytes, hormones, and proteins.

Serum

Liquid portion of blood remaining after clotting.

Venipuncture

The process of puncturing a vein to collect blood.

Dermal (Capillary) Puncture

A technique for collecting blood from tiny capillaries.

Fibrinogen

A protein necessary for normal blood clotting.

LDL

Low-density lipoprotein, often referred to as 'bad' cholesterol.

HDL

High-density lipoprotein, often referred to as 'good' cholesterol.

Safety Protocols

Procedures to enhance protection against hazards in healthcare settings.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Clothing or equipment worn for protection against hazards.

Antiseptic

A substance preventing infection by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.

Infection Control Procedures

Steps taken to prevent the spread of illness.

Vector Transmission

Spread of pathogens through living organisms.

Droplet Transmission

Exposure to pathogens through respiratory droplets.

Airborne Transmission

Spread of pathogens through small particles suspended in the air.

Hazard Communication Standard (HCS)

Regulations for classifying and communicating chemical hazards.

Fomites

Inanimate objects that can carry infectious organisms.

Chain of Infection

Sequence of events needed for infection transmission.

Blood-borne Pathogens

Microorganisms in blood that can cause disease.

Neutropenia

A condition with low neutrophil counts, increasing infection risk.

Leech

A bloodsucking worm used historically for medicinal purposes.

Dermatitis

Inflammation of the skin.

Ethical Behavior

Conduct aligning with established standards of right and wrong.

Patient Rights

Entitlements of patients regarding care and treatment.

Specimen Rejection Criteria

Guidelines for refusing samples that don't meet testing standards.

Quality Control Measures

Activities aimed at ensuring lab test accuracy.

Clinical Laboratory

An area where tests are performed on biological specimens.

Accession Number

A unique ID for tracking laboratory specimens.

Order of Draw

The prescribed sequence for drawing blood samples.

PPE Order of Removal

Sequence for safely removing protective equipment to prevent contamination.

Alkaline

Substances with a pH greater than 7.

Corrosive Material

A substance that can harm living tissue or destroy material.

Oxidizer

A compound that promotes combustion by providing oxygen.

Parenteral Route

Pathways of infection through skin or mucous membranes.