neurological diseases and cancer

aura

migraine warning signs like visual or sensory changes

most common type of migraine

without aura usually causing pain on one side of the head

chronic migraines

headaches occurring more than half a month

probable migraine

when symptoms are similar to but don’t fully meet the criteria

how many people suffered from migraines in 2021

1.1 billion

how much has the global incidence of migraines gone up since 1990

42%

most common group to experience migraines

women and adults aged 20-54

most frequent causes of migraines

stress and genetics

parkinson’s disease

progressive disease causing an inability to control voluntary movements

most common group to experience parkinson’s disease

white males aged 80-84

modifiable parkinson’s disease risk factors

education, environment, physical activity, diet

non-modifiable parkinson’s disease risk factors

age, genetics, ethnicity, sex

melanoma

the most aggressive skin cancer but can be treatable which emphasizes the importance of equitable access

most common group to experience melanoma

older cohorts

risk factors for melanoma

race, SES, and geographical residence and are disproportionately distributed across the national populations

somatic mutation theory

accumulation of a specific mutations throughout lifecourse

epigenetic theory

cancer develops due to activation or deactivation of genes

mutagenesis

cancer can occur due to natural psychological processes and exogenous mutagenic factors