ATI TEAS Practice Test A Questions

Which of the following cell types provides a waterproofing function for the outer layers of skin?

A. Melanocytes

B. Keratinocytes

C. Merkel cells

D. Langerhans cells

B. Keratinocytes

Keratinocytes contain the protein keratin. They are produced in the epidermis and migrate upwards. The tight junctions between cells prevent water entry. They eventually form a layer of dead cells on the skin surface, which produces a waterproofing effect.

A person is suddenly frightened. Which of the following reactions occurs next?

A. Liver cells absorb glucose from the blood stream.

B. Blood vessels supplying skeletal muscles constrict.

C. Blood vessels supplying the intestines dilate.

D. Liver cells release glucose into the blood stream.

D. Liver cells release glucose into the blood stream.

Epinephrine causes liver cells to break down glycogen, which causes an increase in sugar in the blood stream.

Kidneys remove which of the following from the blood?

A. Platelets

B. Salts

C. Oxygen

D. Fat

B. Salts

Salts are removed by the kidneys.

Which of the following structures within a human cell is responsible for recycling the materials no longer functional or needed within the cell?

A. Ribosome

B. Lysosome

C. Mitochondrion

D. Nucleolus

B. Lysosome

Lysosomes are specialized vacuoles containing digestive enzymes.

Which of the following are sesamoid bones?

A. Phalanges

B. Patellae

C. Scapulae

D. Metatarsals

B. Patellae

Patellae are sesamoid bones, which develop in response to strain. Patellae are also considered short bones.

Which of the following chemical compounds prevents the lungs from collapsing?

A. Mucus

B. Surfactant

C. Enzymes

D. Buffers

B. Surfactant

Surfactants are lipopolysaccharides that have a hydrophobic and hydrophilic layer. They keep the lungs inflated.

The use of an electron would most benefit the study of

A. the structure of atoms.

B. the structure of cellular organelles.

C. the structure of skeletal joints.

D. chemical bones in molecules.

B. the structure of cellular organelles

Electron microscopy has significantly improved the ability to see and understand the workings of these organelles because electron wavelengths are short enough to resolve the structure of organelles, which are around 100x larger than the wavelengths of an electron.

Which of the following arteries directly supplies oxygenated blood to the reproductive system?

A. Common carotid artery

B. Gonadal artery

C. Femoral artery

D. Subclavian artery

B. Gonadal artery

The gonadal artery is the primary artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the gonads and male reproductive system. It is called the testicular artery in males and the ovarian artery in females.

Which of the following connects two bones together?

A. Ligament

B. Tendon

C. Marrow

D. Muscle

A. Ligament

Ligaments connect bones together.

The shape of villi and microvilli facilitates which of the following?

A. Pushing food along the intestine via ciliary motion of villi.

B. Creating barriers to food movement to increase digestion time.

C. Decreasing surface area for absorption.

D. Increasing surface area for absorption.

D. Increasing surface area for absorption.

The folds increase the surface area, allowing more nutrients to be absorbed and delivered to the blood stream.

Which of the following cell types is responsible for the production of soluble antibodies?

A. Cytotoxic T-cell

B. Macrophage cell

C. Helper T-cell

D. B-cell

D. B-cell

The production of antibodies by B-cells is part of the humoral response to antigens.

Type I diabetes is a disease associated with which of the following hormones?

A. Estrogen

B. Insulin

C. Testosterone

D. Thyroxine

B. Insulin

Type I diabetes is a disease that is caused by the absence of insulin.

Demyelinization results in which of the following?

A. Inhibited detection of a stimulus at the dendrites of a nerve cell.

B. Disrupted propagation of an action potential along the axon of a nerve.

C. Inhibited uptake of neurotransmitters at the synapse of a nerve cell.

D. Disrupted ability of the Na+/K+ pumps to depolarize a cell.

B. Disrupted propagation of an action potential along the axon of a nerve.

The myelin sheath, which is a lipid-based structure, insulates the axon, allowing rapid electrical conduction of the action potential down the axon. Deterioration of the myelin sheath disrupts this process.

Which of the following is classified as a flat bones?

A. Tarsal

B. Vertebrae

C. Rib

D. Humerus

C. Rib

The rib is a flat bone.

Which of the following options represents the chromosomal composition of a normal human zygote?

A. 23 chromosomes

B. 46 chromosomes

C. 69 chromosomes

D. 96 chromosomes

B. 46 chromosomes

The fusion of a sperm with 23 chromosomes and an egg with 23 chromosomes would result in a zygote with 46 chromosomes.

Which of the following is the correct structure and function of the cell membrane?

A. A double glycoprotein structure with embedded lipid bodies provides shape and rigidity to the cytoplasm.

B. A double layer of phosphate proteins with lipid channels allows molecules to pass from the inside to the outside of cells.

C. Nonpolar phosphate heads and polar lipid tails form a bilayer to control the transport of proteins.

D. A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins regulates molecules entering and leaving cytoplasm.

D. A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins regulates molecules entering and leaving cytoplasm.

The cell membrane consists of a phospholipid bilayer with polar phosphate heads, non polar lipid tails, and embedded proteins, which permit the movement of molecules across the membrane.

Two researchers note that when Weed A and B grow next to each other, the roots of Weed A stop growing when they enter the root zone of Weed B. Since activated charcoal is known to absorb organic compounds, the researchers apply activated charcoal to the soil around Weed B. They note that the roots of Weed A then grow into the root zone of Weed B. Which of the following hypotheses is being tested by the addition of activated charcoal to the soil?

A. Weed A absorbs activated charcoal, which enhances root growth for Weed A.

B. Weed B grows best in soil that contains few organic compounds.

C. Weed A is attracted to soil that contains activated charcoal.

D. Weed B produces an organic compound that inhibits root growth for Weed A.

D. Weed B produces an organic compound that inhibits root growth for Weed A.

Since activated charcoal is known to absorb organic compounds, its use indicates that the hypothesis being tested is that Weed B produces an organic compound that inhibits root growth for Weed A.

In which part of the body do T-cells mature?

A. Bone marrow

B. Thymus

C. Adrenal glands

D. Thyroid

B. Thymus

The thymus is the location of maturation for T-cells.

On an imaginary planet called Alpha Vega, purple eyes (F) are dominant over pink eyes (f). Which of the following combinations will produce only offspring with pink eyes?

A. Ff x ff

B. Ff x Ff

C.

D.