Unit 10A - Heat and Thermochemistry - AP Chemistry

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system

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19 Terms

1

system

the region being considered in a problem

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2

surroundings

everything that is outside of the system

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3

heat

the total amount of thermal (kinetic) energy held by the system

units = J, kJ, or cal

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4

temperature

the average thermal (kinetic) energy held by the molecules of the system

units = degrees Celsius or Kelvin

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5

endothermic

heat energy is taken in by the system (feels cold to you, the surroundings)

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6

exothermic

heat is energy is released by the system (feels hot to you, the surroundings)

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7

“positive” heat of a reaction (+q)

heat flows in to the reaction

heat is being pulled out of the surroundings and the temp goes down

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8

“negative” heat of a reaction (-q)

heat flows out of the reaction

heat is being released into the surroundings and the temp goes up

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9

measuring the change in temperature of a solution during dissolving or other physical changes

tells whether or not and how much energy was required/released for that process to occur

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10

measuring the temperature change of a system due to a chemical reaction

tells the amount of energy given off or absorbed during the reaction

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11

equation for quantifying heat energy

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12

specific heat capacity

a measure of the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius

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13

Cp

specific heat capacity measured at constant pressure

for gases, this means the measurement was taken allowing the gas to expand as it was heated

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14

Cv

specific heat capacity measured at constant volume

for gases, this means the measurement was made in a sealed container, allowing the pressure to rise as the gas was heated

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15

calorimetry

the measurement of heat flow

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16

calorimeter

an insulated container for performing reactions that involve measuring heat

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17

coffee cup calorimeter

a calorimeter that is only an insulated container - often containing your system (reactants) dissolved directly in water

can be made from a styrofoam coffee cup

<p>a calorimeter that is only an insulated container - often containing your system (reactants) dissolved directly in water</p><p>can be made from a styrofoam coffee cup</p>
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18

bomb calorimeter

a calorimeter for measuring the heat produced by a chemical reaction

the calorimeter contains a mass of water

the heat from the reaction makes the temp of the water change

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19

calorimeter equation

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