Lecture+Topic+20-Seed+Plants+Gymnosperms+and+Angiosperms

Seed Plants

Plants that reproduce through seeds, including gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Heterospory

The production of two distinct types of spores by seed plants: microspores (male) and megaspores (female).

Megasporangia

Structures in seed plants that produce megaspores.

Microsporangia

Structures in seed plants that produce microspores.

Gametophyte

The phase in the life cycle of a plant that produces gametes (sperm and eggs).

Sporophyte

The diploid phase of a plant that produces spores and is dominant in seed plants.

Pollen

A fine powder consisting of microspores that contain male gametophytes.

Pollination

The transfer of pollen to a stigma, allowing fertilization to occur in seed plants.

Ovule

A structure that develops into a seed after fertilization.

Angiosperms

Seed plants with flowers and fruits, and the most diverse group of plants.

Gymnosperms

Seed plants that bear 'naked' seeds, usually on cones.

Cycadophyta

A phylum of gymnosperms that includes cycads.

Ginkgophyta

A phylum of gymnosperms represented by a single living species, Ginkgo biloba.

Coniferophyta

A phylum of gymnosperms that includes conifers like pines and redwoods.

Fruits

Mature ovary structures that protect seeds and aid in their dispersal.

Monocots

A major group of angiosperms characterized by having one cotyledon.

Eudicots

A major group of angiosperms characterized by having two cotyledons.

Vascular Tissue

Tissue in plants that transports water, nutrients, and food.

Mycorrhizae

Symbiotic relationships between fungi and plant roots, enhancing nutrient uptake.

Microspore

A spore that develops into a male gametophyte.

Megaspore

A spore that develops into a female gametophyte.

Floral Structures

Parts of a flower including sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels, essential for reproduction.

Dormancy

A state in which seeds remain inactive until conditions are favorable for germination.

Seed Coat

The protective outer covering of a seed.

Germination

The process by which a seed develops into a new plant.

Zygote

The fertilized egg that develops into an embryo.

Endosperm

Nutrient-rich tissue that provides energy to the developing embryo within a seed.