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What is biodiversity
Biodiversity is the variety of species, genes, ecosystems, and ecosystem processes
What are species?
Prices are individuals that can make and produce viable offspring
What are the 4 diversity’s
Species diversity, genetic diversity, ecosystem diversity and functional diversity
What does most of history of life come from?
Fossil records
What is evolution
Evolution is the change in populations genetic makeup overtime
What is the theory of evolution
All species descend from earlier ancestral species
What are fossils
Rock that replaced the bone
What is fossil record
Where the entire body of fossil evidence we have discovered 1% of fossils of all previous species
What is biological evolution
How earths life changes over time (genetic character)
What is natural selection
Individuals with certain traits are most Leakey to survive under certain environmental conditions
How do populations evolve?
By becoming genetically different
What are genetic variations
Is the first step of biológica evolution (occurs in DNA Mutations)
What is natural selection
Adaptation leads to differential reproduction
What is genetic resistance
Ability of one or more members of population resist a chemical designed to kill it.
Three adaptations to human species
Thumbs, bipedal, and complex brain
limits to natural selection
Traits must come before change in environment, and a populations reproductive capacity
Myths about evolutions trough natural selection
Fitness is reproduce success not strength
Organisms dont developed traits out of want/need
There is no such thing as perfect adaptation
How do geological processes &climate change affect evolution
Tectonic plate movement
Volcanic erruptions
Climate change shift habitats
Wipes out large number is species
Geológica process affect natural selection
Tectonic plates affect location of life on earth
Earthquakes separate & isolate populations
Volcanic eruptions destroy habitats
Climate change affect natural selection
ice ages followed by warming temperatures
What happens as environmental conditions change
New formation of species, extinct of current species determines biodiversity
How can human activities decrease biodiversity
Causing extinction of species
Destroy/ degrade habitats
Speciation
One species splits into 2 or more species
Geographic isolation
Physical isolation, of populations for a long period
Reproductive isolation
Geographically, natural selection isolated populations——> leads to inability to produce offspring
Extinction
One species ceases to exist
Endemic species
Found only in one area
background extinction
where species slowly are replaced
Mass extinction
animals are dying out fast
Species diversity important?
Biodiversity leads to sustainability of ecosystems
What is species diversity
Number of variety of species in an area
Species richness
Number of different species or organisms in area
Species evenness
Number of individuals of each species present (plant to animal ratio) man made
Most species rich communities
Tropical rain forests
Coral reefs
Ocean bottom zone
Large tropical lakes
Five important roles
Native, nonnative, keystone, foundation
Ecological niche
Everything affects survival & reproductive rates
Generalist species
wide range tolerance (broad niche)
Specialist niche
Narrow range tolerance (narrow niche)
Indicator species
Provide warning of damage to community
Keystone species
abundance of other species to help sustain eco (pollination/top predators)
populations evolve through…
Slow mutation in genes (enhance ability to reproduce)
Human activity’s are…
Degrading biodiversity, disrupted development
Each species plays…
Ecological role in the ecosystem it’s found in (niche)
Note
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