Exam 4 terms Pharm

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48 Terms

1

Anaphylaxis

Life-threatening allergic response that can result in death.

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2

Antipyretics

Drugs that lower body temperature.

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3

Cyclooxygenase (COX)

Key enzyme in biosynthesis of prostaglandins.

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4

Histamine

Chemical released by mast cells in response to an antigen; causes dilation of blood vessels, bronchoconstriction, tissue swelling, and itching.

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5

Inflammation

Nonspecific body defense that occurs in response to an injury or antigen.

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6

Prostaglandins

Class of local hormones that promote local inflammation and pain when released by cells in the body.

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7

Salicylates

Aspirin-like substance.

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8

Salicylism

Poisoning due to aspirin and aspirin-like drugs.

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9

Acquired resistance

Capacity of a microbe to no longer be affected by drug following anti-infective pharmacotherapy.

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10

Aerobic

Pertaining to an oxygen environment.

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11

Anaerobic

Pertaining to an environment without oxygen.

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12

Antibiotic

Substance produced by microorganisms that inhibits or kills other microorganisms.

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13

Anti-infective

General term for any medication that is effective against pathogens.

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14

Bactericidal

Substance that kills bacteria.

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15

Bacteriostatic

Substance that inhibits (slows) the growth of bacteria.

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16

Beta-lactamase

Enzyme present in certain bacteria that is able to inactivate many penicillins and some cephalosporins.

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17

Beta-lactam ring

Chemical structure found in most penicillins and some cephalosporins.

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18

Broad-spectrum antibiotic

Anti-infective that is effective against many different gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.

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19

Culture and sensitivity testing (C&S)

Laboratory exam used to identify bacteria and determine which antibiotic is most effective.

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20

Gram-negative bacteria

Bacteria that do not retain purple stain because they have an outer envelope.

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21

Gram-positive bacteria

Bacteria that stain purple because they have no outer envelope.

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22

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)

Infections acquired by exposure to microbes in healthcare settings.

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23

Host flora

Normal microorganisms found in or on a patient.

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24

Invasiveness

Ability of a microbe to grow rapidly and cause direct damage to host tissues.

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25

Mutations

Permanent, inheritable changes to DNA.

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26

Narrow-spectrum antibiotic

Anti-infective that is effective against only one or a small number of organisms.

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27

Pathogenicity

Ability of an organism to cause disease in humans.

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28

Pathogens

Organisms capable of causing disease.

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29

Penicillinase

Enzyme present in certain bacteria that is able to inactivate many penicillins and some cephalosporins.

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30

Penicillin-binding protein

Enzyme used by bacteria to build cell walls.

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31

Red man syndrome

Rash in the upper body.

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32

Superinfections

New infection caused by an organism different from the one causing the initial infection; usually a side effect of anti-infective therapy.

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33

Urinary antiseptics

Drugs used to treat bladder infections; they sterilize the urine.

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34

Virulence

Severity of disease that a pathogen is able to cause.

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35

Aerosol

Suspension of minute liquid droplets or fine solid particles in a gas.

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36

Asthma

Chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs characterized by airway obstruction.

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37

Bronchospasm

Rapid constriction of the airway.

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38

Chronic bronchitis

Recurrent disease of the lungs characterized by excess mucus production, inflammation, and coughing.

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39

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Describes several pulmonary conditions characterized by cough, mucus production, and impaired gas exchange.

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40

Dry powder inhaler (DPI)

Device used to convert solid drug to a fine powder for the purpose of inhalation.

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41

Emphysema

Terminal lung disease characterized by permanent dilation of the alveoli.

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42

Leukotrienes

Chemical mediators of inflammation stored and released by mast cells; effects are similar to those of histamine.

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43

Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

Most common type of device used to deliver a precise amount of drug to the respiratory system.

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44

Methylxanthines

Chemical derivative of caffeine.

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45

Nebulizer

Device used to convert liquid drugs into a fine mist for the purpose of inhalation.

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46

Perfusion

Blood flow through the lungs.

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47

Status asthmaticus

Rapid, repeated asthma attacks that are life-threatening.

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48

Ventilation

Process of moving air into and out of lungs.

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