learning and motivation 2/9/22

Opponent/b process

serves to counteract primary process and maintain homeostasis.

emotional event

The repeated presentations of a(n) ________ diminishes primary process response and increases strength of b process.

Suppression ratio

(number of responses emitted during cs period)/ (number of cs responses and number of pre- cs responses)

Reflex

automatic response to a stimulus.

Classical conditioning

stimulus elicits response because it is associated w another stimulus.

Excitatory conditioning

ns associated with presentation of us.

Reflex arc

neural structure underlying some reflexes.

Temporal conditioning

ns /cs is the passage of time.

Inhibitory conditioning

ns associated with absence /removal of us.

Elicited / respondent behavior

behavior (involuntary) drawn out by preceding stimulus.

elicited / respondent behavior

behavior (involuntary) drawn out by preceding stimulus

reflex

automatic response to a stimulus

startle response

defensive response to unexpected stimulus

orienting response

body movement to position ourselves toward a stimulus

reflex arc

neural structure underlying some reflexes

sign stimulus / releaser

specific stimulus that elicits a fixed action pattern

primary / a process

directly elicited by the event

opponent / b process

serves to counteract primary process and maintain homeostasis

classical conditioning

stimulus elicits response because it is associated w another stimulus

conditioned stimulus (cs)

initially neutral, elicited response when paired w unconditioned stimulus

conditioned response

often similar to ur, elicited by cs

appetitive conditioning

seek out this stimulus

aversive conditioning

avoid this stimulus

suppression ratio

(number of responses emitted during cs period)/(number of cs responses and number of pre-cs responses)

excitatory conditioning

ns associated with presentation of us

inhibitory conditioning

ns associated with absence / removal of us

temporal conditioning

ns / cs is the passage of time

pseudoconditioning

elicited response that appears to be a cr but it actually the result of sensitization

startle response

defensive response to unexpected stimulus

orienting response

body movement to position ourselves toward a stimulus

fixed action patterns

instincts elicited by a specific stimulus (species-specific)

sign stimulus / releaser

specific stimulus that elicits a fixed action pattern

opponent-process theory of emotion

the repeated presentations of an emotional event diminishes primary process response and increases strength of b process

conditioned stimulus (cs)

initially neutral, elicited response when paired with unconditioned stimulus

conditioned response (cr)

often similar to ur, elicited by cs

appetitive conditioning

conditioning to seek out a stimulus

aversive conditioning

conditioning to avoid a stimulus

pseudoconditioning

elicited response that appears to be a cr but it actually is the result of sensitization

sensitization

increase in strength of elicited behavior following repeated presentations of eliciting stimulus

which is the least effective?

• backward conditioning

• trace conditioning

• delayed conditioning

• simultaneous conditioning

backward conditioning

which is the most effective?

• backward conditioning

• trace conditioning

• delayed conditioning

• simultaneous conditioning

delayed conditioning