Diversity Unit Notes

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39 Terms

1

Prokaryotic

Cells that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles; examples include Bacteria and Archaea.

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2

Eukaryotic

Cells that have a membrane-bound nucleus and are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.

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3

Domain

The largest taxonomic unit, consisting of three groups: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

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4

Species Diversity

The variety and abundance of species in a given area.

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5

Genetic Diversity

The variety of heritable characteristics (genes) in a population.

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6

Ecosystem Diversity

The variety of ecosystems within a biosphere.

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7

Capsid

The outer layer that surrounds the genetic material of a virus.

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8

Endosymbiosis

The theory that explains how eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiotic relationship between prokaryotic cells.

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9

Binary Fission

A form of asexual reproduction in which a single cell divides into two genetically identical cells.

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10

Lytic Cycle

The replication process in viruses where the virus's genetic material uses the host cell to make new viruses.

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11

Lysogenic Cycle

A viral reproduction cycle in which the viral genome integrates with the host genome without killing the host cell.

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12

Gram Positive

Bacteria that retain the gram stain and appear purple due to a thick peptidoglycan cell wall.

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13

Gram Negative

Bacteria that do not retain the gram stain and appear pink, having a thin peptidoglycan cell wall and an outer membrane.

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14

Autotroph

Organisms that produce their own food, often through photosynthesis.

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15

Heterotroph

Organisms that obtain nutrients and energy by consuming other organisms.

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16

Dichotomous Key

An identification tool consisting of a series of two-part choices that lead the user to a correct identification.

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17

Morphological Species Concept

A classification based on structural features of organisms.

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18

Species

A group of organisms that can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring.

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19

Phylogenetic Trees

Diagrams that depict the evolutionary relationships among species.

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20

Gametophyte

The haploid phase in the alternation of generations that produces gametes.

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21

Sporophyte

The diploid phase in the alternation of generations that produces spores.

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22

Mycelium

A mass of fungal filaments or hyphae that forms the main growing structure of a fungus.

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23

Plantae

The kingdom that includes multicellular autotrophic organisms (plants) that perform photosynthesis.

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24

Animalia

The kingdom that includes multicellular heterotrophic organisms (animals) that do not have a cell wall.

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25

Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant cells that converts solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

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26

Mitochondria

An organelle that extracts energy from stored sugar in eukaryotic cells.

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27

Bacteriophage

Viruses that infect bacteria.

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28

SARS-COVID-19

A virus specific to the respiratory tract, causing COVID-19 disease.

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29

HIV

A retrovirus that is dormant and attacks T-cells.

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30

Ecosystem Services

The benefits that humans freely gain from the natural environment and from properly-functioning ecosystems.

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31

Pseudopods

Temporary projections of the cell membrane used for movement and feeding, characteristic of amoeboid cells.

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32

Chitin

A structural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi.

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33

Cellulose

A carbohydrate that forms the structural component of plant cell walls.

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34

Peptidoglycan

A polymer that forms a protective layer in the cell walls of bacteria.

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35

Retrovirus

A type of virus that transcribes its RNA into DNA after infecting a host cell, such as HIV.

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36

Gymnosperms

Seed-producing plants that have seeds unprotected by an ovary or fruit.

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37

Angiosperms

Seed-producing plants that produce seeds enclosed within a fruit.

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38

Monocots

Angiosperms that have one seed leaf, or cotyledon.

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39

Dicots

Angiosperms that have two seed leaves, or cotyledons.

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