Studied by 9 people
Food Administration, Railroad Administration, National War Labor Board, Liberty Bonds, George Creel, Committee on Public Information, Espionage Act, Sedition Act, Eugene Debs, Schenck v. United States, Selective Service Act, service of African Americans, jobs for women, migration of Mexicans, Great Migration, 1918 pandemic, recession, Red Scare, anti-German hysteria, anti-Communist hysteria, xenophobia, Palmer Raids, Strikes of 1919, racial riots
mobilization of industry and labor, finance, and public opinion
War Industries Board set production priorities and established centralized control over raw materials and prices
Food Administration - encouraged American families to eat less meat and bread for more to be shipped to French and British troops
Fuel Administration - efforts to save coal
Railroad Administration - took public control of railroads, coordinated traffic, promoted standardized railroad equipment
National War Labor Board - arbitrated disputes between workers and employers
Liberty Bonds - received Americans’ savings to fund the war
Committee on Public Information - propaganda agency depicting heroism of U.S. soldiers and villainy of Germany
civil liberties
Barred Zone Act/Immigration Act of 1917 - prohibited anyone from Middle East to Southeast Asia region from entering the U.S., established literacy tests in the immigration process
Espionage Act - allowed imprisonment for up to 20 years for inciting rebellion in armed forces or obstructing the draft
Schenck v. United States - Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes of the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Espionage Act, free speech could be limited when representing “clear and present danger”
Sedition Act - prohibited “disloyal” remarks about the U.S. government (ex. Eugene Debs sentenced to 10 years)
armed forces
Selective Service Act - democratic method ensuring all groups of population were called into service
service of African Americans - African Americans were segregated against in the army and still did not earn equal rights after the war
effects on American society
jobs for women - women’s contributions to war effort persuaded Wilson and congress to ratify the 19th amendment
migration of Mexicans into the U.S. and employment
Great Migration - African Americans migrate north for jobs in cities due to the South’s
segregation and racial violence
destruction of cotton crops by boll weevil
limited economic opportunities
postwar problems
1918 pandemic - influenza outbreak, underreported to keep up morale during the war
demobilization and recession
employment was taken by returning soldiers
military product factories declined
U.S. farmers were hurt by the return of European products
inflation occurred → recession in 1921, 10% unemployment
Red Scare - anti-German hysteria was replaced by anti-Communist Hysteria, fueling xenophobia and immigration restrictions
Palmer Raids - unexplained bombings → Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer to mass arrest foreign-born anarchists, socialists, labor agitators
Strikes of 1919 - made public opinion turn against unions
racial violence
racial riots erupted during the war
Tulsa Race Massacre - massacre and destruction of black-owned business and properties after a black man was saved from lynching
Confederate monument construction
death of Progressive idealism
Strikes of 1919
made public opinion turn against unions
shipyard workers peacefully struck for higher pay, no violence
police went on strike because unionizers were fired, National Guard was sent to break the strike
U.S. steel corporation workers struck, state and federal troops were called, leading to violence and deaths
