Topic 5 Lessons 4-6

What was the economic condition in 1935 compared to expectations?

The economy was better but not as good as hoped for.

What was Roosevelt's initiative to expand programs during his presidency?

The second new deal, referred to as 'Bigger and Better'.

What significant political event occurred in 1936 regarding Roosevelt?

He was re-elected by a landslide.

How did the 1936 elections affect FDR's support in Congress?

More Republicans were elected, hurting FDR's support.

What was the Works Progress Administration (WPA) and its budget?

The WPA spent $5 billion creating jobs for 8 million people.

Who were the primary targets of the WPA's job creation efforts?

Young people, women, and minorities.

What notable project was built with WPA funds?

The San Antonio River Walk.

What are the main differences between liberals and conservatives regarding government spending?

Liberals want more government spending, while conservatives accuse FDR of socialist policies and deficit spending.

What does deficit spending mean?

Spending more money than is taken in.

What economic theory is associated with the New Deal?

Keynesian economics.

What does the Social Security Act provide for individuals aged 65 and older?

Old-age insurance funded half by workers and half by employers.

How is the unemployment compensation system funded?

It is funded by a tax on employers (payroll tax).

What type of aid does the Social Security Act provide for families?

Aid for families with children and the disabled, federally funded and paid to states.

What rights did the Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) restore?

It reestablished workers' rights to join labor unions.

What was the purpose of the Fair Labor Standards Act?

To set working hours, minimum wages, and outlaw child labor.

What was FDR's Supreme Court Packing Scheme?

An attempt to pass a court-reform bill allowing him to appoint 6 new justices.

What was the public reaction to FDR's court-packing plan?

There was huge protest from Congress, the Supreme Court, and the public.

Who was Frances Perkins and what was her significance?

She was the first female cabinet member as Secretary of Labor and helped create social security and labor legislation.

How did women's participation in the workforce change during the New Deal?

More women entered the workforce despite facing discrimination.

Who was Mary McLeod Bethune and what did she do?

She organized a Black Cabinet to advise FDR on racial issues.

What was the significance of Marian Anderson's performance arranged by Eleanor Roosevelt?

She performed in front of the Lincoln Memorial, highlighting racial issues.

What did the Indian Reorganization Act accomplish?

It allowed tribes to own their own land and established schools on reservations.

What was a major legacy of the New Deal regarding voting patterns?

A shift where the majority of African Americans began voting Democrat.

What was the impact of the New Deal on the size and scope of the federal government?

It resulted in a huge increase in the size and scope of federal government and presidential power.

What cultural impact did the 1930s have on movies and radio?

Movies like 'Gone with the Wind' and 'The Wizard of Oz' provided distraction, while radio became a popular pastime.

Who was Dorothea Lange and what was she known for?

She was famous for her Depression-era photographs.

What is the significance of 'The Grapes of Wrath' by Steinbeck?

It told the story of migrant workers (Okies) during the Great Depression.