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23 Terms
Anatomy
The study of body structure.
Physiology
The study of body function.
Homeostasis
Maintaining stable internal conditions.
Negative feedback
A mechanism that reverses change to maintain homeostasis (e.g., body temperature regulation).
Positive feedback
A mechanism that amplifies change (e.g., labor contractions in childbirth).
Cell
The smallest living unit.
Tissue
A group of similar cells.
Organ
Two or more tissues working together for a specific function.
Integumentary system
System responsible for protection and temperature regulation (skin).
Skeletal system
System providing support and housing blood cells (bones).
Respiratory system
System responsible for gas exchange (lungs).
Acid
A substance that releases H⁺ ions in solution.
Base
A substance that accepts H⁺ ions in solution.
pH scale
A scale that measures how acidic or basic a solution is, ranging from 0 to 14.
Covalent bond
A chemical bond where electrons are shared between atoms.
Protons
Subatomic particles with a positive charge.
Neutrons
Subatomic particles with no charge.
Electrons
Subatomic particles with a negative charge.
Diffusion
The passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Transcription
The process of converting DNA to mRNA in the nucleus.
Translation
The process of converting mRNA to protein at ribosomes.
Gene
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein.
Chromatin
The combination of DNA and proteins in the cell nucleus.
