Cell Organelles and their Functions

Cytoskeleton

Internal framework of fibers

4 major components of components

Microfilaments

Intermediate filaments

Thick filaments

Microtubules

Mircorfilaments

Composed mostly of protein actin

2 functions of Mircorfilaments

Anchor cytoskeleton to intergral proteins in plasma membrane

Interact w/ other microfilaments to allow part of cell to move or change shape

Intermediate Filaments

Defined mainly by their size, stabilized organells, transport materials w/in cytoplasm or provide strength

Thick Filaments

Composed of myosin proteins, interact w/ actin filaments to move cell

Microtubles

Small hollow tubes made of tubulin, centerned around cerntosome, gice cell strength, change of cell shape, form spindle apparatus during cell division, form centrioles, cilia and flagella

Ribosomes

Nonmembranous organelle that synthesizes proteins from mRNA, made of ribosomal RNA and proteins, can be scattered in cytosol or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum

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Mitochondria

Powerhouse of cells, Produces ATP (energy) by breaking down organic molecules, part of cellular respiration

Nucleus

Controls cell activities, contains DNA, genetic blueprints, code proteins

Nuclear membrane

double layered membrane that encloses a narrow perinuclear space. Inner membrane contains proteins w/ binding sites for chromosomes

Nucleoplasm

Jelly-like fluid that contains a network of fine filaments, DNA, RNA, proteins and enzymes

Nucleolous

nuclear organelles that synthesize components of ribosome

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Network of interacellular membrane forming hallow tubes flattened sheets and rounded chambers called cisternae

4th function of Endoplasmic Reticulum

Synthesis: ER synthesizes lipids, proteins and carbohydrates

Storage: cisternae store products

Transport

Detoxification: aborbs toxin and neutralzes them w/ enzymes

Golgi Apparatus

Make of flattened membrane discs called cisternae

Functions of Golgi apparatus

Package enzymes for use in cytosol

2. Renew or modify plasma membrane

3. Synthesize and pacage secretions

Lysosomes

Contains digestive enzymes, defend against diseases using process of endocytosis, breaks down components, remove bacteria, fluids and organic debris

Peroxisomes

Vesicles with enzymes that break down orgainc compounds forming hydrogen peroxide, and enzymes that convert hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, abundant in liver cells which neutralize toxins, basically breaks down fatty acids