Alterations in Oxygenation Patho II unit 3 exam 2 FLASHCARDS

Flashcards covering key vocabulary from the lecture notes on Alterations in Oxygenation, including hypoventilation, hyperventilation, hypoxemia, hypoxia, obstructive and restrictive pulmonary disorders, pneumonia, and tuberculosis.

Hypoventilation

Insufficient air delivered to alveoli, leading to increased PACO2 and hypoxemia.

Hyperventilation

Increase of air entering the alveoli, leading to hypocapnia (PACO2 <35 mm Hg).

Hypoxemia

Deficient levels of blood oxygen.

Hypoxia

A decrease in tissue oxygenation.

Acute Bronchitis

Acute inflammation of the trachea and bronchi.

Chronic Bronchitis

Chronic or recurrent productive cough for >3 months >2+ successive years; hypersecretion of bronchial mucus.

Emphysema

Destructive changes of the alveolar walls with abnormal enlargement of the distal air sacs.

Pink Puffer

Terms used to describe emphysema patients due to their typical appearance and compensation mechanisms.

Blue Bloater

Terms used to describe chronic bronchitis patients, often due to cyanosis and edema.

Sarcoidosis

Development of multiple, uniform, noncaseating epithelioid granulomas, commonly affecting lung tissue and lymph nodes.

Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis; antigen-antibody complexes elicit granulomatous inflammation leading to lung tissue injury, often in upper lobes.

Pneumothorax

Accumulation of air in the pleural space, leading to lung collapse.

Pleural Effusion

Pathologic collection of fluid or pus in pleural cavity.

Kyphoscoliosis

Bone deformity of chest wall resulting from kyphosis and scoliosis, leading to compressed lung volumes.

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Progressive, inflammatory disease leading to immobility of vertebral joints and fixation of ribs.

Pneumonia

Infection of the lung parenchyma.

Chest X-Ray (Pneumonia)

Parenchymal infiltrates in involved area.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, affecting lungs and lymph nodes; may be primary, dormant, or reactivated.

Ghon Complex/Tubercles

Well-circumscribed necrotic nodule that becomes fibrotic and calcified in TB.

Diagnostic Test for TB

Sputum culture to identify slow-growing acid-fast bacillus when testing for TB