Final for Fundamentals

epigastric

The pancreas is located in which abdominal region?

Abdominal wall

The linea alba is found in the

Visceral peritoneum

The membrane that covers an internal organ is known as the:

fluid and infection may accumulate in the recesses

The clinical significance of peritoneal recesses is

Morison’s pouch

The space between the right lobe of the liver and the anterior right kidney and colic flexure is

Uterus

Which one of the following structures divides the pelvic peritoneal space into the anterior and posterior pouches

9%

The total volume of blood in the body is approximately ___ percent

Ovary

The visceral organs in the abdominal cavity include all except

2 cm

During full respiratory movement each kidney moves approximately ___ cm.

Liver

Organs located in the retroperitoneum include all except

Ascites fluid

is the term used to describe the fluid which collects between parietal and visceral peritoneum

Ian Donaldson

The early applications of obstetric ultrasound were initiated by

Hertz & Elder

Visualization of the cardiac structures in the heart was discovered by

Mumps

Examples of airborne transmission include all of the following except

Pertussis

Examples of contact transmission include all of the following except

18-20 cm

An intravenous (IV) fluid container should always be ________ cm above the level of the patient’s vein.

Stoma

An artificial opening in the abdominal wall surrounded by a ring of mucosal tissue is called a

Chicken pox

Examples of droplet transmission include all of the following except:

measurement of sound

real-time ultrasound

image optimization

Basic ultrasound principles include

 

krause and soldner

The first real-time scanner was developed by

three dimentional

All of the following terms describe instrumentation except?

provides oral or written summary of findings

Which of the following describes the difference between a sonographer and a radiographer?

JRC-DMS

Which of the following organizations guides the structure sonography programs?

20-20 kHz

Which frequency describes the audible range of sound?

vector transmission

Contact with or bites from an insect or contact with an animal are referred to as?

WRMSD

Which of the following terms is the most currently in use for occupational injuries?

 

Repeatedly rotating the head, neck, and trunk causes one set of muscles to become weaker and longer

False statement of muscle imbalance in the body.

de Quervain disease

The type of tendonitis involving the thumb is called

epicondylitis

Repeated twisting of the forearm may trigger:

carpal tunnel syndrome

Repeated flexion and extension of the wrist may result in:

300k

Approximately how many occupational musculoskeletal disorders are reported annually to OSHA

missing reflectors

Artifacts on an image are errors in imaging. Of the following, which is not considered an error in imaging?

refraction

Which artifact is unrelated to the dimensions of an ultrasound pulse?

grating lobes

Which artifact produces an image with an incorrect number of reflectors side by side?

shadowiing

All of the following artifacts result in the placement of too many echoes on the image except:

enhancement

Which one of these artifacts does not result from multiple reflections?

mirror image

Two distinct reflectors are observed on an image, but they are actually arise from a single anatomic structure. The artifactis positioned deeper than the correct relection. What is the most likely cause of this artifact?

grating lobe

Two reflections, one true and one artifact, are displayed on an ultrasound image. In the body, only one anatomic structure is present. The correct reflection and the artifact are found side by side. What is the most likely cause of this artifact?

axial resolution artifact

Which of the following artifacts create one reflection on an image from two closely spaced reflectors?

slice thickness

When the beam dimension is greater than the reflector size, what artifact may occur?

Grating

Lobes created by array transducers are called

Apodization and Subdicing

Of the following which methods will eliminate lobes?

Ring down

A single solid hyperechoic line, parallel to the sound beam, no spaces in the echogenic line is what artifact?

Shadowing

There are occasions when a US beam is unable to pass through a structure because the structure has higher than usual attenuation, this occurs with what artifact?

 

edge shadow

Refraction at the edge of a circular structure can cause what artifact?

 

speed error

What artifact occurs when the medium through which the sound travels has a lower attenuation rate than soft tissue?

 

speed errors

Which artifact occurs when you see reflectors at incorrect depth?

shallow

When propagation speed is greater than 1540 m/s, the reflector will be placed too _______ on the display.

range ambiguity artifact

Which of the following artifacts can be cured by increasing the PRP because the PRF is too high?

step-off

Propagation speed errors appear as a ______?

Ghosting

Color flash is also refered to as ______?

Multipath

If the path to a reflector is of a different length than the returning path, the reflector will be incorrectly positioned on the display. This results in general image degradation, but cannot be specifically identified on the image. What artifact is this?

Attenuation

Which of these produces shadowing?

deeper than a weak attenuator

When enhancement occurs, where does it appear on the image?

ACR

Which of the following is the organization that sets general diagnostic imaging protocols?

ARRT & ARDMS

Sonographers have an ethical obligation to perform a competent complete examination and provide the interpreting physician with accurate, reliable information. What organizations have registry exams for sonographers?

hospital sonographers

What sonographers do not need malpractice insurance?

OSHA

Guidelines for ultrasound imaging protocols are set by all except?

Anterior

The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) arises from the _______ border of the aorta.

anterolateral

The gastroduodenal artery (GDA) lies along the ______ border of the head of the pancreas, and the duodenum surrounds the lateral border.

portal vein

˜The hepatic duct is anterior to the _________

splenic vein

The body of the pancreas is anterior to the ________

IVC

The right hepatic vein enters the lateral margin of the______?

 

transverse

Which plane divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower portions

posterior

If the patient is lying supine (face up), the aorta would be anterior to the vertebral column. The right kidney would be _____ to the head of the pancreas.

cephalic

Superior anatomic direction is also called?

splenic artery

Which of the following lies superior to the level of the caudate lobe on the transverse plane?

renal arteries

Which of the following lies inferior to the level of the caudate lobe and celiac axis on the transverse plane?

right kidney

Morison’s pouch is anterior to which organ?

Portal vein

When imaging on the longitudinal plane at the level of the liver, inferior vena cava, pancreas, and gastroduodenal artery, which of the following enters the left lobe of the liver?

Running from Side to side dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

Both the sagittal and longitudinal planes divide the body lengthwise. How does the coronal plane divide the body?

coronal plane

An image dividing the right kidney into anterior and posterior sections describes the: