Business Unit 6 Human Resource Management (HRM)

Definition of recruitment

The process of attracting and identifying potential job candidates who are suitable for a vacant role

Two activities to attract job candidates

Job advertising and job fairs

Definition of job description

Outlines the duties, responsibilities, and requirements of a particular job

Definition of job specification

Outlines the qualifications, skills, experience, and personal qualities required from a candidate for a specific job

Main difference between internal and external recruitment

Internal recruitment involves promoting or redeploying existing employees, while external recruitment brings in new workers from outside the business

Main purpose of shortlisting

To identify and invite the candidates who best meet the essential and desirable criteria for the job opening to the next stage of the recruitment process

True or False? References are usually collected before interviews begin

False. References are usually collected after interviews but before making a final job offer

Two factors a business might consider when choosing who to employ

Experience and qualifications

Definition of employment contract

A legal agreement between the employer and employee, setting out the terms and conditions of employment

Is it usually a legal requirement for employers to provide a contract of employment to new employees?

Yes, it is usually a legal requirement for employers to provide a new employee with a contract of employment

Three typical details included in a contract of employment

Names of employee and employer, working hours, and remuneration (pay)

Two types of employment contract commonly used by businesses

Full-time, part-time, job share, and zero hours contracts

True or False? A business will always have only one type of employment contract for all employees

False. Often, a business will have a mixture of employees with a range of different employment contracts

One benefit of an employment contract for the employer

The contract clearly sets out rules such as working hours, duties, and pay, helping to reduce confusion or disputes

How does an employment contract provide security for the employee?

The employer cannot easily change terms or dismiss the worker without good reason

True or False? If an employer breaks the contract, the employee has the right to take legal action

True. If the employer breaks the contract, such as underpaying or reducing hours unfairly, the employee has the right to take legal action

What can an employer do if an employee breaks the contract of employment?

The employer can take legal action or dismiss the employee

Definition of legislation

Laws and regulations passed by governments that require businesses to conduct their behaviour in a particular manner

What does a national minimum wage require employers to do?

To pay their workers at least the legally set minimum hourly wage and makes it illegal to pay less

Health and safety legislation requires businesses to protect the

Physical and mental well-being of employees

What is unfair dismissal?

When an employee has their employment terminated without a valid reason or against government legislation

Definition of discrimination at work

Occurs when an employer treats employees with protected characteristics such as gender or race less favourably than others

True or False? Employment laws can increase costs for businesses

True. Legal controls such as minimum wage and health and safety requirements often lead to higher costs for employers

Two costs businesses might incur to comply with health and safety legislation

Staff training and purchase or maintenance of safety equipment

Definition of redundancy in employment law

When a job no longer exists, so the employee's position is terminated for valid business reasons rather than personal performance

True or False? It is legal for employers to pay workers below the national minimum wage if the worker agrees

False. It is illegal for employers to pay below the national minimum wage, regardless of employee agreement

True or False? Induction training only need to be delivered once when an employee joins a business

False. Some aspects of induction training, such as health and safety or policy changes, need to be revisited regularly by employees

List three main types of training

Induction, on-the-job, and off-the-job training

True or False? Training benefits only the business, not the employees

False. Training benefits both the business and employees by improving skills, confidence, productivity, and motivation

One potential advantage of off-the-job training

Can bring fresh ideas and new perspectives to the business, and can be tailored to employee needs

Name one potential disadvantage of on-the-job training

Employees may make mistakes while learning, which can impact productivity and quality

Two factors Kane should consider when preparing the job advertisement

• Point 1
• Point (K):Information to include
• Application (App):Skills needed to make furniture
• Analysis (An):Ensures suitable production workers apply

• Point 2
• Point (K):Method of advertising
• Application (App):Advert placed to reach 5 production workers
• Analysis (An):Increases chance of filling vacancies efficiently;

Two advantages to A2Z of producing a job description

• Advantage 1
• Point (K):Clear idea of what job involves
• Application (App):Helps select suitable pilots
• Analysis (An):Reduces risk of hiring unsuitable employees

• Advantage 2
• Point (K):Saves time and money
• Application (App):Avoids applications from people who cannot fly planes
• Analysis (An):Makes recruitment process more efficient;

Two advantages to Ruby of having part-time employees

• Advantage 1
• Point (K):Flexible workforce
• Application (App):Can increase workers during festivals and celebrations
• Analysis (An):Helps meet higher demand for greetings cards

• Advantage 2
• Point (K):Lower labour costs
• Application (App):No need to pay wages when employees are not working
• Analysis (An):Important for a sole trader to control costs;

Two factors AUC should consider when making employees redundant

• Factor 1
• Point (K):Importance of job role
• Application (App):Bank must retain staff essential for customer service
• Analysis (An):Avoids damaging customer loyalty

• Factor 2
• Point (K):Wage or salary level
• Application (App):Higher-paid employees could be part of the 20%
• Analysis (An):Saves a larger amount of money to reduce losses;

Two ways induction training might benefit NCE

• Benefit 1
• Point (K):Familiarises employees with the business
• Application (App):Helps workers cope with flow production in the factory
• Analysis (An):Maintains productivity

• Benefit 2
• Point (K):Improves health and safety awareness
• Application (App):Workers understand factory safety rules
• Analysis (An):Reduces accidents and wastage of expensive car parts;

Two reasons why employment contracts are used by businesses

• Reason 1
• Point (K):Legal requirement
• Analysis (An):Failure to use contracts could result in fines or legal action

• Reason 2
• Point (K):Prevents disputes
• Analysis (An):Business can check terms and conditions if disagreements arise;

Define ‘job description’

Outlines the responsibilities and duties to be carried out by someone employed to do a specific job

Identify two ways a business could advertise a new job vacancy

• Recruitment agency
• jobs website/own website

Identify two stages of the recruitment process

• job description
• interview

Identify two advantages of using internal recruitment

• Already know how business operates
• Saves time / money on recruitment process

Identify two legal controls over employment

• Discrimination/equal opportunities
• Health and safety

Identify two reasons why a business might offer training to its employees

• To introduce a new process/new equipment
• Improve efficiency/productivity

Define on-the-job training

Training at the place of work, watching or following an experienced employee

Define off-the-job training

Training that takes place away from the workplace usually by a specialist trainer(s)

Define induction training

Introduction given to a new employee explaining the businesses activities and processes and allow them to meet other employees

Identify two methods of training that a business might use

• on-the-job
• off-the-job

Identify two reasons why a business might downsize its workforce

• Need to reduce costs
• Automation or replaced by machinery

Define ‘dismissal’

Termination by the employer because the employee has broken company rules or is not performing work to the required standard

What is meant by ‘redundancy’?

Termination of employment because the job is no longer needed