HOUSING AND ARCHITECTURE

high/low quality (eg: Most of the goods on offer are of very high quality)

chất lượng cao/thấp

durable (eg: The trays are made from cedar, which is light and durable.)

bền

demolish (eg: The building was completely demolished by fire.)

phá hủy

preservation efforts (eg: Preservation efforts continued well into the 20th century.)

những nỗ lực bảo tồn

pyramid (eg: The ancient Egyptians built stone pyramids as places to bury their kings and queens.)

kim tự tháp

renovate (eg: They spent the summer renovating the farmhouse.)

sửa chữa

dweller (eg: Apartment dwellers are still primarily couples and singles.)

cư dân

distinctive (eg:Each district of the city has its own distinctive character.)

riêng biệt, đặc biệt

iconic (eg: The Sydney Opera House is Australia’s most iconic building.)

mang tính biểu tượng

semi-detach house (eg: There is a large pond in the backyard of their semi-detached house.)

nhà liền kề

terraced houses (eg: Walk along the terraced houses and then turn left at the traffic light, the restaurant is on your right.)

dãy nhà liền kề

long-standing= time-honoured

lâu đời

spacious (eg: The hotel rooms are spacious and comfortable.)

rộng rãi

ideal (eg: The houses are absolutely ideal for families with young children.)

lí tưởng

fully-furnished (eg: A fully furnished house makes life more comfortable.)

đầy đủ tiện nghi

interior (eg: The original interior of the hotel has been replaced.)

nội thất

refurbish (eg: The theatre has been extensively refurbished.)

tân trang lại

derelict (eg: The mansion has been derelict for many years.)

bị bỏ hoang

solemn (eg: Inside the cathedral is a solemn hall for religious ceremonies.)

ttrang nghiêm

futuristic (eg: A futuristic car was on display at the auto show.)

đi trước thời đại , tân tiến

elegant (eg: She was looking for something cool and elegant to wear.)

trang nhã

ruin (eg: We visited the ruins of a Norman castle.)

tàn tích

marble (eg: The Taj Mahal is the most famous building in the world made from marble.)

đá cẩm thạch

a famous tourist destination (eg: Ha Long Bay is a famous tourist destination.)

địa điểm du lịch nổi tiếng

make strenuous efforts to (eg: The government is making strenuous efforts to preserve historic sites.)

cố gắng hết sức để lmj

national and worldwide reputation (eg: This destination has a national and worldwide reputation for a range of gothic style buildings.)

có tiếng trong và ngoài nước

fall into disrepair (eg: The station quickly fell into disrepair after it was closed.)

xuống cấp

be surrounded by (eg: My school is surrounded by a number of trees.)

bị bao quanh bởi

reinforced concrete (eg: By the 1920s the choice of reinforced concrete for major structures in earthquake zones was so common.)

bê tông kiên cố

pleasing geometric forms (eg: The walls in my bedroom are decorated with pleasing geometric forms.)

họa tiết hình học đẹp mắt

in the heart of (eg: Hoan Kiem Lake is located in the heart of Hanoi.)

trung tâm

observation deck (eg: I have never had a chance to come to the observation deck because of its high price.)

đài quan sát

play a key role (eg: This site once played a key role in the battle of Dien Bien Phu.)

đóng vai trò quan trọng

a mixture of the historical and modern buildings (eg: The first thing that comes to my mind is a developing metropolis with a mixture of the historical and modern buildings.)

sự hòa trộn của những tòa nhà mang kiến trúc lịch sử và hiện đại

go to rack and ruin (eg: They let the house go to rack and ruin.)

rơi vào tình trạng hư hỏng

live on campus (eg: I prefer living on campus because I could have the chance to make a lot of new friends there.)

sống trong kí túc xá

throw money down the drain (eg: I want to buy a house, so I’m not throwing money down the drain on rent every month.)

phung phí tiền

mod cons (eg: The kitchen is fully equipped with all mod cons including a dishwasher.)

những thiết bị cần thiết trong ngôi nhà

do up (eg: He makes money by buying old houses and doing them up.)

trang trí

be under construction (eg: Our new office is still under construction.)

đang được xây dựng

mirror past architecture standards (eg: Historic buildings mirror past architectural standards.)

phản chiếu những tiêu chuẩn kiến trúc trong quá khứ

a house-warming party (eg: I was invited to a house-warming party on Friday.)

tiệc tân gia

aesthetic taste (eg: David is an architect with great aesthetic taste who can draw fantastic plans.)

gu thẩm mĩ

downsize (eg: My wife and I want to downsize from a 6-bedroom home to a 2-bedroom home.)

giảm về quy mô

high-rise (eg: She lives in a high-rise overlooking the river.)

nhà cao tầng

detached house (eg: We’d love to buy one of the new detached houses being built near the lake but they’re out of our price range.)

nhà ở riêng lẻ

be out of price range (eg: We’d love to buy one of the new detached houses being built near the lake but they’re out of our price range.)

ra khỏ tầm mắt

townhouse (eg: Townhouses are popular with families as they often have extra bedrooms in the attic.)

nhà phố

bungalow (eg: Many people move to a bungalow when they retire so they don’t have to climb the stairs as they get older.)

nhà gỗ

fitted kitchen (eg: My new fitted kitchen has built-in appliances which make so much better use of the space.)

phòng bếp đã được trang trí

house-hunting (eg: We’ve been house-hunting for three months but can’t find anything that really suits us.)

tìm nhà

mortgage (eg: Julio was delighted when his mortgage application was accepted and he could go ahead with his house purchase.)

thế chấp

live on campus (eg: I like living on campus because I don’t have far to go to lectures or the student’s union bar.)

sống trong khuôn viên

traditional architectural styles (eg: They are constructing new houses in traditional architectural styles.)

phong cách kiến trúc truyền thống

reflect the culture of a society (eg: Those buildings in Beijing reflect the culture of a society.)

phản chiếu nền văn hoá của một xã hội

repairs and maintenance (eg: Old buildings in the historic site require regular repairs and maintenance.)

bảo trì và sửa chữa

energy-efficient homes (eg: Energy-efficient homes conserve energy, reduce unnecessary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.)

những ngôi nhà sử dụng năng lượng hiệu quả

be in existence (eg: The cathedral has been in existence for nearly a century.)

tồn tại

in ruin (eg; Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.)

bị hủy hoại, tàn phá nghiêm trọng

historic building (eg; They are having a discussion on the restoration of historic buildings.)

công trình lịch sử

full-length windows (eg: The pleasant sunshine comes in through the full-length windows.)

cửa sổ sát sàn

dignified beauty (eg: Walking in the museum, I was impressed by its dignified beauty.)

vẻ đẹp trang nghiêm

be under threat (eg: An ancient religious custom is under threat.)

bị đe dọa

to be destroyed and replaced by (eg: The old hotel has been destroyed and replaced by a new theme park.)

bị phá hủy và thay thế bởi

the demolition of historic buildings (eg: The demolition of historic buildings raises a controversial topic.)

phá hủy những công trình lịch sử

own one’s own home (eg: It has been my dream to own my own home in a building complex before I turn 25.)

sở hữu ngôi nhà riêng của mình

reduce damage to (eg: Helmets are designed to reduce damage to the driver's head.)

làm giảm tổn hại

be an integral part of (eg: Music is an integral part of the school's curriculum.)

là 1 phần k thể thiếu

building with historic values (eg: There are buildings with historic values that require regular repairs and maintenance.)

công trình với nhiều giá trị lịch sử

multi-story housing estates (eg: We stop at an empty multi-story housing block, its windows smashed and boarded and insulation poking out through holes in the walls.)

khu nhà ở niều tầng

energy-intensive (eg: The increasing cost of oil is harming energy-intensive industries such as steel and shipbuilding.)

sử dụng nhiều năng lượng

trial and error (eg: There’s no instant way of finding a cure- it’s just a process of trial and error.)

phép thử và lỗi sai

physical (eg: All physical objects occupy space.)

vật thể

construction and administration (eg: Construction administration is a useful technique for making projects run more smoothly.)

quản lí xây dựng

be marked by (eg: Items which are marked with an asterisk can be omitted.)

được đánh dấu bởi

intricately carved (eg: Experts from a wide array of organizations are examining an intricately carved skull discovered in an antique shop in Vienna in 2011.)

được chạm khắc tinh xảo

attribute (eg: Self-confidence is a rare attribute in a 17-year-old)

thuộc tính

chill (eg: Let the pudding chill for an hour until set.)

làm lạnh, làm mát

pay an offbeat tribute to (eg: The crowd stood in silence to pay an offbeat tribute to those who had died in the war.)

thể hiện sự tôn vinh bất ngờ với