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Agnes Macphail

Agnes Macphail

Ran for Progressive Party and was the first female elected as a member of parliament.

Allied Powers (WWII)

Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union, formed an alliance that was the key to victory. But the alliance partners did not share common political aims, and did not always agree on how the war should be fought.

Appeasement

in the hope of avoiding war, appeasement was the name given to Britain's policy in the 1930s of allowing Hitler to expand German territory unchecked.

Axis Powers

The axis powers was an alliance made between Nazi Germany, Italy, and Japan who were direct rivals of the Allied Powers. The purpose of this alliance originally came from Hitler and Mussolini becoming allies as they both believed in the idea of fascism. Japan later joined after Japan had to withdraw from the league of nations and it came to a realization that Japan had very similar ideas to Italy and Germany in terms of politics and wanting to rule everything.

Battle of Britain

Hitler was defeated for the first time, First time Canada has used their own air force, Canada also had the most fighters in the air besides Britain, They were eventually going to use England for D-Day if Britain had lost. Would have been where Hitler stored soldiers.

Battle of Hong Kong

Consisted a large amount of Canadians, Showed that Canada is dedicated to the war, a lot were killed and injured in the war

Bennett Buggy

a term used in Canada during the Great Depression to describe a car which had its engine, windows and sometimes framework taken out and was pulled by a horse

Billy Bishop

Top Canadian flying ace in ww1, built the Royal Canadian Air Force and helped trained them

Black Hand Assassination

Franz Ferdinand, was scheduled to visit Sarajevo in June of 1914, the Black Hand decided to assassinate him because of his perceived threat to Serbian independence.

Blitzkrieg

It was an offensive war strategy to ensure a fast war, It picks specific targets to fight quickly, Weapons used with this are extremely mobile maneuverable forces, It uses armored tanks and air support

Canada entry in WWII

Canada realized that Nazi Germany threatened the very existence of Western civilization. Unlike ww1, Canada had a choice to go into war and was debating that choice.

Communism

Communism is a political and economic system where all property and resources are publicly owned and controlled.

Concentration Camps

Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its allies established more than 44,000 camps and other incarceration camps. There were forced labour camps, transit camps, extermination camps, and ghettos.

Conscription

Political and Military related crisis in Canada during ww1, Disagreement that Divided the French Canadians and the English Canadians on whether men should be forced to go to war

Dr. Banting

Canadian Scientist that co-discovered Insulin and its potential. won the nobel prize in 1923

Dust Bowl

Ground dried so much that top layers became dust. Strong winds whipped the dust into Black blizzards. Significant cause it Destroyed lands, homes, vehicles. greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s.

Emily Murphy

First woman magistrate. Honorary senator in 2009 and was a politician.

Flappers

young women known for their energetic freedom, embracing a lifestyle viewed by many at the time as outrageous, immoral or downright dangerous

Francis Pegahmagabow

he served as a highly skilled sniper and scout during the First World War, and his Nishnaabe community is inspired by him. He won the most medals and awards naming him the most decorated indigenous soldier.

Gavrilo Princip

Gavrilo Princip was a Bosnian Serb that was a member of the Black Hand who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The assassination sparked world war 1 to start.

Hiroshima

The United States decided to use nuclear weapons because they feared that Japan was going to create war and dropping the atomic bomb guaranteed that they cannot start a war after the bombings. The United States justified using the atomic bomb to destroy 2 areas of Japan because their leader was not surrendering from war with the conditions the United States gave them which were giving up their emperor, giving Japan to the US, and to conduct their own war trials. The human impact these weapons had on the people living in Hiroshima and Nagasaki was significant as cities were obliterated and anyone near the epicenters were killed instantly. People nearby suffered injuries and were mentally scarred.

J.S. Woodsworth

Leader of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF)

Joey Smallwood

He was the main force who brought the Dominion of Newfoundland into Canadian Confederation in 1949, becoming the first premier of Newfoundland, serving until 1972. As premier, he vigorously promoted economic development, championed the welfare state, and emphasized modernization of education and transportation.

Juno Beach

Beach that Canadians took over from Nazi Germany near the end of WW2

Liberation of Netherlands

The battle where German forces surrendered, Netherlands got liberated, and V-E day came the day after

Luftwaffe

Mentioned as the best air force at the beginning of ww2

Lusitania

contributed indirectly to the entry of the United States into World War I. Boat that was struck by Germans and sunk.

Nagasaki

2nd Bombing in Japan to try and force the emperor to surrender

Nellie McClung

Social activist. Influences were mainly across the prairies. Helped tManitoba women the right to vote in 1914.

Non-Aggression Pact

Germany and the Soviet Union signed a nonaggression pact. The countries agreed that they would not attack each other and secretly divided the countries that lay between them.

One Big Union

radical labour union formed in Western Canada in 1919. It aimed to empower workers through mass organization along industrial lines

Persons Case

The right of women to serve in the senate. Started by the Famous five. As a result, women were included as people under law. Declared women could be judges and senators

Prohibition

ban of alcohol as it was believed to be the fault of society's issues.

R.B. Bennett

He was the prime minister during the worst years of the Great Depression. He would give people money to help those struggling during the great depression. He didn’t have a plan for anything. He had a new deal which consisted of:

Fairer taxation - People who earned more money paid more taxes

Insurance - Protect workers from illness, injury, unemployment

Regulated workplaces - Minimum wage, regulated work hours, work condition)

Old age pensions  - Increased payments to workers over 65

Agricultural support programs - Help farmers and regulated the prices of wheat

Radar

The revolutionary technology of radio based detection and tracking, A big part of the national air defense, Radar itself stands for Radio Detection And Ranging

Relief

Gave provinces 20 million to create projects in hopes that people would get more jobs.

Robert Borden

Prime minister of Canada during ww1, for conscription and war, introduced conscription that divided English/French Canadians in 1917

Sam Huges

minister of militia and defense (1911–16) and was responsible for moving Canadian troops to Europe at the beginning of World War I

Schlieffen Plan

in the case of the outbreak of war, Germany would attack France first and then Russia. It didn't work because Russian troops attacked Germany while German troops were busy invading France.

Sir Arthur Currie

took command of the CEF (Canadian Expeditionary Force) in 1917 as the General. Used strategies like the “Rolling Barrage’ at the Battle of Vimy Ridge. Led the Canadians at Vimy, Passchendaele, and through the final years of the war including the Last Hundred Days.

Somme

The British launched the largest battle on the western front and the offensive was the bloodiest in human history; around 1.2 million men were killed or wounded at the Somme. A combination of a small battlefield, lethal contemporary weapons, and several errors by British military officers resulted in the unprecedented death of wave after wave of young men. First battle where tanks were introduced

Terry Fox

Canadian legend who founded the Marathon of Hope and raised millions towards cancer research. (850m+)

Treaty of Versailles

the most important treaty of ww1, ended the war because it stated that Germany and the allied powers were to stop the war

US Entry in WWII

following the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, the United States declared war on Japan. Three days later, after Germany and Italy declared war on it, the United States became fully engaged in the Second World War.

Vimy Ridge

France and Britain attempted to take Vimy Ridge from Germany and failed so they called Canada in and Canada’s strategist came up with a rolling barrage plan along with preparation with trench mockups, aerial surveillance and maps. The plan worked which took over Vimy Ridge in one weekend.

W.L. Mackenzie King

When Laurier died the liberals chose him and chose them to be their party leader. Believed that he should let the depression take its course because the situation was temporary and that over time economy would recover itself and go back into prosperity

Warsaw Pact

The Warsaw Pact was a collective defence treaty established by the Soviet Union and seven other Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania

William Aberhart

“Bible Bill” the leader of the Social Credit Party

Winnipeg General Strike

Canada's best known general strike. There was a large amount of unemployment and inflation. Because of the Winnipeg general strike, the government was scared of the rise of communism and the government being overthrown.

Winston Churchill

Best remembered for his leadership through 1940/1941, through Dunkirk, the Battle of Britain and the Blitz. Churchill made planning and decision making, both political and military, simpler and more efficient.

Ypres

In April 1915 a fairly inexperienced division was ordered to the Ypres salient, a part of the front lines in Flanders Plain, east of the Belgian City Ypres. The allies wanted to protect Ypres because it had access to rail and road links on the coasts; the allies were trying to keep it out of the Germans' hands. The area was dangerous and surrounded by enemy artillery. The Germans despite chemical weapons being outlawed deployed chlorine gas on the Ypres salient, following this a second gas attack took place causing many of those unaffected to feel the effects of the chlorine gas, and choke on their own fluids. The battle continued mostly fought by British units and Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry who re-established control of the Ypres salient. After enduring the gas attack the Canadians were praised for their tenacity and courage.

(kt) Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

(kt) Sparked/led to the first world war starting.

(kt) Battle of Britain

(kt) Hitler was defeated for the first time, First time Canada has used their own air force, Canada also had the most fighters in the air besides Britain, They were eventually going to use England for D-day to hold soldiers

(kt) Camp X

(kt) Training center and spy base that had radio communications located in Whitby (Canadian)

(kt) D-Day

(kt) Largest invasion ever that led to Europe being liberated and the end of world war 2

(kt) Famous Five

(kt) five women that were in charge of the persons case that led to women getting the right to serve in senate

(kt) Flappers

(kt) Women that were going against society's idea of a woman by doing things that were seen as dangerous or outrageous that led to economic, political, and sexual freedom.

(kt) Great Depression

(kt) Worst economic crash of all time, businesses failed and unemployment rose fast. Hitler used the great depression as a distraction while he got into power and eventually played a major part in ww2.

(kt) Halifax Explosion

(kt) ships colliding with explosive materials on board that was the biggest explosion before the atomic bomb, cut communications overseas from North America to elsewhere.

(kt) Holocaust

(kt) Years of primarily Jewish people being interned and mistreated resulted in them fearing their homes and faced a lot of anti semitism. Israel became a very popular place for Jewish people to immigrate to afterwards.

(kt) Japanese Internment

(kt) Japanese people in Canada were taken into camps as it was assumed that they were going to help Japan ambush Canada. A part of Canada’s history that has taken too long for the government to recognise and apologize for.

(kt) Nagasaki

(kt) 1 of 2 bombings in Japan that the US dropped to force the emperor to surrender. 40 thousand people died, many more injured, and the area was destroyed. The bombings led to more threats to use nuclear weapons and caused the cold war.

(kt) On to Ottawa Trek

(kt) PM Bennett was scared of a communist overthrow in government and ordered the trekkers to be stopped. Many were injured and killed including a police officer. This made the government realize that work camps were a failure and did not help with unemployment.

(kt) Residential Schools

(kt) still affects indigenous people to this day, increasing amount of deaths from the schools, inspired hitler to start concentration camps

(kt) The Dieppe Raid

(kt) Dieppe Raid led to the success of D-Day, Large tragedy and sacrifice for the Canada, and the Town of Dieppe honours Canada today by displaying Maple Leaf Flags and Canadian symbols

(kt) The Winnipeg General Strike

(kt) a strike that was a turning point in the labour movement. some of the people involved in this strike ended up helping to establish the new democratic party.

(kt) Total War

(kt) the men that went off to war created a lot of jobs that needed to be filled, women filled those jobs and made more with the war materials needed (ammo, weapons)

(kt) Vimy Ridge

(kt) Battle that the French and British lost before Canada got sent in. Canada defeated Vimy Ridge in a weekend and it was considered the biggest victory of the war at the time. This also made Canada more recognizable as not just a British colony