CIE A Level Chemistry: Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts

Catalysis

Process of increasing reaction rate with a catalyst.

Catalyst

Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction.

Activation Energy

Minimum energy required for a reaction to occur.

Homogeneous Catalyst

Catalyst in the same phase as reactants.

Heterogeneous Catalyst

Catalyst in a different phase from reactants.

Reaction Pathway

Route taken by reactants to form products.

Lower Activation Energy

Reduced energy barrier for a reaction with a catalyst.

Boltzmann Distribution Curve

Graph showing energy distribution of particles.

Effective Collision

Collision with sufficient energy to cause a reaction.

Catalyzed Reaction

Reaction that occurs with a catalyst present.

Uncatalyzed Reaction

Reaction that occurs without a catalyst.

Proportion of Molecules

Fraction of particles with energy to react.

Shaded Area Under Curve

Represents particles with energy above a threshold.

Energy Greater than E_a

Particles with energy sufficient for effective collisions.

Catalyst Not Used Up

Catalyst remains unchanged after the reaction.

Reaction Mechanism

Step-by-step sequence of elementary reactions.

Increased Reaction Rate

Faster conversion of reactants to products.

Chemical Reaction

Process where reactants transform into products.

Energy Distribution

Variation of energy levels among particles.

Catalyst's Role

Facilitates reaction without being consumed.

Reactants

Substances that undergo change in a reaction.