Untitled Flashcards Set

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into left and right sections.

Midsagittal Plane

Divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Parasagittal Plane

Divides the body into unequal left and right parts.

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

Divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.

Transverse (Horizontal) Plane

Divides the body into superior and inferior sections.

Oblique Plane

Divides the body at an angle.

Superior (Cranial)

Towards the head or crown.

Inferior (Caudal)

Towards the toes.

Anterior (Ventral)

Towards the front of the body.

Posterior (Dorsal)

Towards the back of the body.

Medial

Towards the middle of the body.

Lateral

Away from the middle of the body.

Proximal

Closer to the origin or point of attachment.

Distal

Far away from the origin or point of attachment.

Superficial

Towards the body’s surface.

Deep

Away from the body’s surface, more internal.

Dorsal Cavity

The cavity that contains the brain and spinal cord.

Ventral Cavity

The anterior cavity that houses organs of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Thoracic Cavity

Contains the heart, lungs, trachea, and upper esophagus.

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Contains the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

Plasma Membrane

A flexible, protective barrier around a cell that controls what enters and leaves.

Phospholipid Bilayer

Two layers of fat-like molecules forming the plasma membrane.

Passive Transport

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy required.

Active Transport

Movement of molecules from low to high concentration requiring energy.

Isotonic Solution

Equal concentration inside and outside; cell stays the same.

Hypotonic Solution

Less solute outside the cell; water enters, making the cell swell.

Hypertonic Solution

More solute outside the cell; water leaves, causing the cell to shrink.

Nucleus

Controls the cell and contains DNA, like the leader of a village.

Ribosomes

Create proteins, some work independently while others work with the Rough ER.

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell, providing energy (ATP).

Lysosomes

Break down waste and destroy invaders.

Cellular Respiration

The process of oxidizing food molecules to produce ATP.

Aerobic Respiration

Requires oxygen, happens in mitochondria, and produces more ATP.

Anaerobic Respiration

Does not require oxygen, occurs in cytoplasm, and produces less ATP.

ATP

The energy currency of the cell, storing and transferring energy.

Simple Diffusion

Passive. Small things like oxygen push through the membrane

Osmosis

Passive. Water moves to balance things out

Facilitated Diffusion

Passive transport of molecules across a membrane via specific proteins

Protein Pumps

Active. Transport mechanisms that move ions or molecules against their concentration gradient using energy

Endocytosis

Active. Swallows stuff by surrounding it with a membrane to bring it into the cell

Exocytosis

Active. The cell spits out stuff it does not need by vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane, releasing contents outside the cell.