BIOETHICS-BATT REVIEW

Bioethics

It encompasses a wider range of topics, including those related to biotechnology, human genetics, and the environment.

Ethics

well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues

Healthcare Ethics

- specifically on the ethical considerations within medical and healthcare settings - deals with issues such as patient autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice in the context of medical care.

Professional Ethics

• normative moral system that injuncts a

kind of behaviour that is expected of a

professional.

Nurses and Practice

Quality patient's care is the goal of which professional code of Nursing ethics?

Nurses and the Profession

- members of the nursing professional organizations. Inherent in this responsibility is to support and uphold its constitution and by laws.

-help to determine and implement desirable standards of nursing practice and nursing education

Nurses and people

Values, customs and spiritual beliefs held by individuals are to be respected. must consider the individuality and totality of their clients..

- must not be instruments in the violation of individual rights

Nurses and Society

-contributing members of society.

-assume responsibilities inherent in being

members and citizens of the community society in which they live or work.

-Being equipped with knowledge of health resources within the community, they take active roles in primary health care such as health information, dissemination, referral and rendering actual nursing care.

> They must take active participation in programs that answer problems of society

Nurses and Practice

• accountable for their own nursing practice.

• They must acquire and develop the

necessary competence (KSA ) to effectively

render proper nursing services

Right to informed decision

Nurse Alicia explains the benefits, side effects and even possible complications of chemotherapy to a cancer patient, to help the patient arrive at a definite decision of submitting herself to such therapy. This is an example of?

Right to informed consent

right to receive all necessary information

concerning diagnosis and treatment in order

to be able to give consent based on his/her

value system

Right to confidentiality

includes privacy and dignity during discussions, examination, treatment and care, and includes the restricted use and sharing of personal and identifiable data and access to health records.

Human Rights

• something mine or yours, something that belongs to a person by nature; it is sometimes, but not always, reinforced by law.

Right to informed consent

Mrs. Lopez, a 52-year-old woman, is scheduled for a laparoscopic gallbladder removal due to recurring gallstones. During the pre-operative consultation, the surgeon briefly explains the procedure and mentions the potential risks, such as infection, bleeding. This scenario is an example of?

Normative Philosophy

This Division in philosophy posits thequestion :What is good or right and what is bad or wrong action. Moral philosophy is categorized under this. In which among the 4 divisions of ethics this belongs to?

Practical Philosophy

reflects the truth with due recourse to action. Logic falls under this schema, it concerns itself mainly with subjects that have applications in life, focuses on principles to real -world problems and situations particularly on ethics, politics, and social justice

Critical Philosophy

What is truth? Can we know? What can we know? is there anything to be known? . focused on examining the nature and limits of human reason and knowledge.

Speculative Philosophy

• What is the quiddity or the nature or essence or systematic account of reality, existence and human experience Aims to understand the world as a whole, including its meaning.

Pepe 10-year-old intently urinates his classmate feet.

Which of the following situations shows

human act?

HUMAN ACTS

- are actions that proceed from the deliberate freewill of man. - could either be physical, spiritual, internal, or external.

ACTS OF MAN

• actions executed by human persons which they share with the brutes i.e acts of perception (sensation), the beating of the heart, blood circulation in the body. digestion of food in the stomach, and the like.

• happen inside the body are not human acts because they occur without the control of the will and the consciousness of the human mind

Human act

Alicia decides to donate one of his kidneys to his brother who is suffering from kidney failure. He undergoes thorough evaluation and gives normed consent.

Human act

A tired nurse hears a patient's call light but chooses to ignore it, assuming it's a minor issue. Later, it's discovered the patient had fallen While trying to go to the bathroom alone.

Act of man

A new nurse hears that a patient she cared for has passed away. She immediately begins to cry.

Act of man

A nurse accidentally touches a hot surface and yells loudly in the ward.

CERTAIN CONSCIENCE

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING KINDS OF

CONSCIENCE THE NURSE MUST

POSSESS

Antecedent conscience

- the one that draws a judgment before an

action is executed;

- Its main functions are to command, to

advice, to forbid, and to permit;

True Conscience

- a conscience which judges things truly as

they are

Lax Conscience

Is one fails to see wrong even when

there is actually wrong

Totality

Patient A is diagnosed with diabetes and sustained an infected toe following a pedicure. The infection led to the surgical removal of the toe. Which basic

ethical principles must be applied?

Solidarity

- • Focuses on unity, participation, transparency and commitment to the common good

Double Effects

-When an act is foreseen to have both good and bad eflects.

Totality

- If the part of the lower function may be sacrificed for the good or beller function of the whole

Double Effect

Maria has been diagnosed with uterine myoma and is currently 26 weeks pregnant. Her doctor has recommended postponing a hysterectomy until after

she gives birth

Fidelity

A nurse promises a patient that she will return in 30 minutes to help him with his bath. Despite being busy with other patients, the nurse returns on time as promised. This is an example of values

of a Health Care Provider,

Compassion

- deep sympathy and sorrow

for someone struck by misfortune,

accompanied by a desire to alleviate suffering

Respect

- as caring for and being

concerned about the feelings of others

Integrity

- Being the right thing through words action

Fidelity

=faithfulness

faithfulness to one’s obligation

Justice

- Ensuring patient receives appropriate access to care

Veracity

One of the fundamental duties of a nurse is to communicate truthfully, upholding integrity and honesty. This includes the ethical obligation to always tell the truth.

Utilitarian Alternatives

This defined in the phrase "the greatest

good for the greatest number "

Nuremberg Code (1947)

foundation of all research, The Doctors' Trial, in which 23 physicians from the German Nazi Party were tried for crimes against humanity for the atrocious experiments they carried out on unwilling prisoners of war.

Belmont Report (1976)

Medical and Behavioral Research On July 12, 1974, the National Research Act was signed into law, thereby creating the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research.

Egalitarian Alternatives

- This theory emphasizes Equal access to good and services.

Autonomy

Mrs. B was diagnosed with stage 1 breast cancer. The doctor recommended surgery and chemotherapy, but the patient chose to undergo surgery only and opted for herbal treatment instead of chemotherapy. The surgeon respected and accepted her decision.

Confidentiality

The patient with breast cancer requested that her diagnosis not be disclosed to her husband and children

Paternalistic

The doctor scheduled the surgery immediately, believing that it would significantly benefit the patient's life.

BENEFICENCE

The patient is dependent on his physician to provide sound advice and to promote patients well- being

BENEFICENCE

Quit smoking, before smoking quits you.

BENEFICENCE

Covid 19 vaccination for all the people living on this earth.

NON MALEFICENCE

Refrain from providing ineffective treatments or acting with malice toward patients

NON MALEFICENCE

Mr. Reyes is in the final stages of

terminal cancer and is experiencing severe

pain. The nurse and physician collaborate to

adjust medication tor better pain control,

even though higher doses might cause

drowsiness.

NON MALEFICENCE

Mrs. Dela Cruz, a 70-year-old woman with mild arthritis, visits her doctor complaining of joint pain. After evaluation, the doctor considers prescribing a strong anti-inflammatory medication. However, the nurse reminds the doctor that this medication carries a high risk of kidney damage in elderly patients. Instead, they agree to recommend a safer alternative-physical therapy and a milder medication—while closely monitoring her condition.

stewardship

- expression of one's responsibility to take care of, nurture and cultivate what has been entrusted to him.