Chapter 12: Appendicular muscles

What are the muscles that stabilize or move the scapula?

• pectoralis minor

• serratus anterior

• subclavicular

• trapezius

• levator scapulae

• rhomboid major and minor

what muscles retract the scapula?

• trapezius

• rhomboids

What muscles protract the scapula?

• pectoralis minor

• serratus anterior

What muscles elevate the scapula?

• rhomboid major and minor

• levator scapulae

• trapezius (superior part) 

what muscles depress the scapula?

• trapezius (inferior part)

• pectoralis minor

What muscles of the scapula are superior rotators?

• serratus anterior

• trapezius (superior part)

what muscles of the scapula are inferior rotators?

• rhomboid major and minor

• levator scapulae

What thoracic muscle that moves the pectoral girdle protracts scapula; depresses scapula?

pectoralis minor

what is the origin point of pectoralis minor?

coracoid process of scapula

what is the insertion point of pectoralis minor?

ribs 3 to 5

What thoracic muscle that moves the pectoral girdle is agonist in scapula; superiorly rotates scapula?

serratus anterior

what is the origin point for serratus anterior?

medial border of scapula, anterior surface

what insertion point for serratus anterior?

ribs 1 to 8, anterior and superior margins

What thoracic muscle that moves the pectoral girdle stabilizes scapula; depresses clavicle?

subclavius

what is the origin point for subclavius?

inferior surface of clavicle

What is the insertion point for subclavius?

rib 1

What thoracic muscle that moves the pectoral girdle elevates scapula; inferiorly rotates scapula?

levator scapulae

What is the origin point for levator scapulae?

transverse processes of C1-C4

what is the insertion point for levator scapulae?

superior part of medial border of scapula 

What thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle?

rhomboid major and minor

what is the origin point for rhomboid major?

spinous processes of T2-T5

what is the insertion point for rhomboid major?

medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle

What is the origin point for rhomboid minor?

spinous process

what is the insertion point for rhomboid minor?

medial border of scapula superior to spine

What thoracic muscle that moves the pectoral girdle:

superior fibers: elevate scapula; superiorly rotate scapula

middle fibers: retract scapula

inferior fibers: depress scapula

trapezius

what is the origin point of trapezius?

occipital bone; ligamentum nuchae; spinous processes of C7-T12?

what is the insertion point of trapezius?

clavicle; acromion process of spine of scapula 

how many muscles cross glenohumeral joint andmove arm or forearm?

11

what muscles are the prime movers of the glenohumeral joint?

• latissimus dorsi

• pectoralis major 

what two muscles cross the glenohumeral joint and the elbow joint?

biceps brachii and triceps brachii

what are the seven scapular muscles (arm muscles attach to scapula)?

1. deltoid 

2. coracobrachialis

3. teres major

4. rotator cuff muscles

   1. subscapularis 

   2. supraspinatus

   3. infraspinatus

   4. teres minor

what muscle that moves the arm at the glenohumeral joint is agonist of arm extension; adducts arm; mediallly rotates arm (swimmers muscle)?

latissimus dorsi

What is the origin site of latissimus dorsi?

spinous processes of T7-T12; rubs 8 to 12; illiac crest; thoracolumbar fascia

What is the insertion point of latissimus dorsi?

intertubercular sulcus of humerus

what muscle that moves the arm at the glenohumeral joint is agonist of arm flexion; adducts arm; medially rotates arm?

pectoralis major

what is the origin point of pectoralis major?

medial clavicle; costal cartilages of ribs 2 to 6; body of sternum

what is the insertion site of pectoralis major?

lateral part of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

what muscle that moves the arm at the glenohumeral joint

anterior fibers: flex arm; medially rotate arm

middle fibers: agonist of arm abudction

posterior fibers: extend arm; laterally rotate arm

deltoid

what is the origin point of deltoid?

acromial end of clavicle

what is the insertion point of delotid?

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

what muscle that moves the arm at the glenohumeral joint adducts arm; felxes arm?

coracobrachialis

what is the origin site of coracobrachialis?

coracoid process of scapula

what is the insertion site of coracobrachialis?

middle medial shaft of humerus

what muscle that moves the arm at the glenohumeral joint extends arm; adducts arm; medially rotates arm?

teres major

origin of teres major

inferior lateral border and inferior angle of scapula

insertion of teres major

lesser tubercle and intertubercular groove of humerus

what muscle that moves the arm at the glenohumeral joint extends arm; adducts arm?

triceps brachii

origin of triceps brachii

infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

insertion of triceps brachii

olecranon process of ulna

what muscle that moves the arm at the glenohumeral joint flexes arm (weakly)?

biceps brachii

origin of biceps brachii?

supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process of scapula

insertion of biceps brachiii

radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

what are the rotator cuff muscles?

• subscapularis

• supraspinatus

• infraspinatus

• teres minor

what muscle that moves the arm at the glenohumeral joint medially rotates arm?

subscapularis

subscapularis origin

subscapular fossa of scapula

subscapularis insertion

lesser tubercle of humerus

what muscle that moves the arm at the glenohumeral joint abdcuts arm?

supraspinatus

supraspinatus origin

supraspinatus fossa of scapula

supraspinatus insertion

greater tubercle of humerus 

what muscles move the arm at the glenohumeral joint laterally rotates arm (agonist); adducts arm?

infraspinatus and teres minor

infraspinatus origin

infraspinatus fossa of scapula

infraspinatus insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

teres minor origin

upper dorsal lateral border of scapula

teres minor insertion

greater tubercle of humerus

muscles in the limbs are organized into?

compartments 

muscles in the limbs are separated by?

inter muscular septa and surrounded by deep fascia

the anterior compartment contains?

elbow flexors

the posterior compartment contains?

elbow extensors

what are the elbow flexors?

• biceps brachii

• brachialis

• brachioradialis 

what are the elbow extensors?

• triceps brachii

• anconeus 

two muscles in the anterior compartment that pronate the forearm are?

• pronator tres

• pronator quadratus

the muscle in the posterior compartment that supinates the forearm is?

• supinator 

the supinator works synergistically with ____________________ which also supinated forearm

biceps brachii

what muscle that moves forearm is antagonist of forearm flexion?

brachialis

brachialis origin

distal anterior surface of humerus

brachialis insertion

tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna

what muscle that moves forearm flexes forearm?

brachioradialis 

brachioradialis origin

lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

brachioradialis insertion

styloid process of radius

what muscle that moves forearm is primary extensor of forearm; long head of triceps also extends arm; adducts arm?

triceps brachii

what muscle that moves forearm extends the forearm?

anconeus

anconeus origin

lateral epicondyle of humerus

anconeus insertion

olecranon of ulna

what muscles that moves forearm pronate forearm?

pronator quadratus and pronator tres

pronator quadratus origin

distal one-fourth of ulna

pronator quadratus insertion

distal one fourth of radius

pronator teres origin

medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

pronator teres insertion

lateral surface of radius

what muscle that moves forearm supinates forearm?

supinator

supinator origin

lateral epicondyle of humerus and ulna distal to radial notch

supinator insertion

anterolateral surface of radius distal to radial tuberosity 

most muscles in forearm move?

hand and fingers

muscle bellies outside of wrist or hand=

extrinsic muscles of the wrist and hand

most anterior compartment muscles attach to?

medial epicondyle of the humerus 

anterior compartment muscles?

flex the wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints, and interphalangeal joints

most posterior compartment muscles attach to?

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

posterior compartment muscles

extend the wrist, MP joints and/or IP joints

tendons of anterior compartment muscles pass over ?

anterior surface of carpal bones 

tendons of anterior compartment muscles are held in place by?

median nerve and flexor retinaculum

what is the space between carpal bones and flexor retinaculum is?

carpal tunnel