Chapter 5 osteology Alex Kubaney
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185 Terms
what are the 5 major functions of the skeletal system
support, protection, movement, mineral storage,
what are the two most protected organs in the body
Brain and spinal cord.
what are ligaments
Connect bone to bone.
what are tendons
Connect muscle to bone.
what does hematopoiesis mean
The production of blood cells.
which part of the body are most active in producing blood cells in adults
Bone marrow.
what is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton
axial is higher up and has less bones
how many cones are in the vertebral column
26
how many bones are in the skull
29
how many bones are in the ribcage
25
how many totals bones are in the axial skeleton
80
how many total bones are in the appendicular skeleton
126
how many total bones are there in the body
206
what are sutures
movable points in the bones
what are fontanels
soft spots of the fetal skull
what does para mean
Beside or alongside.
what are four paranasal sinuses
frontal, ethmoidal cells, sphenoidal, maxillary
what does the auditory tube connect to
the inner ear
what are the three ossicles
malleus,
what two things cause facial growth
teeth sinuses
what does congenital mean
with birth
what is achondroplastic dwarfism
deficiency in growth hormone as children
what is cleft lip
incomplete fusion
how frequent is cleft lip
1/1000
what is cleft palate
partial or complete failure to fuse together
how frequent is cleft palate
1/2500
what does dactyly mean
digit
what is spina bifida
incomplete fusion of the ridges in the vertebrae
what is a club foot
sole turned inward to the ankle
what is congenital hip dislocation
acetabulum of hip is not large enough to hold femur in place
what is ricketts
decreased calcium content in children’s bones
what are the symptoms of ricketts
bone deformation
what causes rickets
children deficient in vitamin d
what are the symptoms of osteoporosis
brittle bones
what is osteoporosis
decreased calcium content in bone tissue
what causes osteoporosis
elderly people after menopause
what is acromegaly
increased thickening of the bones
what is the name of the disorder the is caused from excess growth hormone in children
The disorder caused by excess growth hormone in children is gigantism.
how do simple fractures look
closed
how do compound fractures look
open
what are incomplete fractures
stress
what are comminuted fractures
Comminuted fractures are breaks where the bone is broken into multiple pieces.
What are osteomas
Osteomas are benign bone tumors.
What is osteosarcoma?
Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer.
What is the description of a fissure?
A fissure is a narrow slit or crack in a bone.
What is the description of a foramen?
A foramen is an opening or hole in a bone.
What is a meatus?
A meatus is a passage or opening in the body.
What are paranasal sinuses?
Paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces in the bones of the skull.
What is a groove or sulcus?
A groove or sulcus is a furrow or depression in a bone.
What is a fossa?
A fossa is a shallow depression or hollow in a bone.
Where is the frontal bone?
The frontal bone is located in the forehead area of the skull.
What are the supraorbital foramina?
The supraorbital foramina are small openings located above the eye sockets (orbits) in the frontal bone.
What is the zygomatic process of the frontal bone?
The zygomatic process of the frontal bone is a projection that articulates with the zygomatic bone (cheekbone).
What is the occipital bone?
The occipital bone is a bone that forms the back and base of the skull.
What are the external occipital protuberances?
The external occipital protuberances are bony bumps located on the back of the skull.
Where can you only find the frontal suture?
The frontal suture can only be found in the frontal bone.
What happens at the occipital condyle?
The occipital condyles articulate with the first vertebra (atlas) of the spine.
What goes through the foramen magnum?
The spinal cord passes through the foramen magnum.
What are vertebral arteries?
Vertebral arteries are major blood vessels that supply blood to the brain.
What do the grooves for the sigmoid sinus do?
The grooves for the sigmoid sinus house the sigmoid sinus, which is a venous sinus that drains blood from the brain.
What is the bony area around the external auditory meatus?
The bony area around the external auditory meatus is the external acoustic meatus.
Where is the mastoid air sinus located?
The mastoid air sinus is located in the mastoid process of the temporal bone.
What is the medical term for the ear canal?
The medical term for the ear canal is the external acoustic meatus.
What passes through the jugular foramen?
The jugular foramen allows the passage of the internal jugular vein and several cranial nerves.
What does the styloid process mean?
The styloid process is a slender projection of bone.
What does mastoid process mean?
The mastoid process is a bony prominence located behind the ear.
Where is the maxilla?
The maxilla is located in the upper jaw.
What are alveolar processes?
The alveolar processes are the bony sockets that hold the teeth.
What is the zygomatic bone?
The zygomatic bone is the cheekbone.
What does crista galli mean?
Crista galli means "cock's comb".
Where is the crista galli located?
The crista galli is located in the ethmoid bone.
What are olfactory foramina?
The olfactory foramina are small openings in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone that allow the passage of olfactory nerves.
what is the sella turcica
The sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression in the sphenoid bone.
what is the pituitary gland also known as
The pituitary gland is known as the hypophysis.
what is in the sella turcica
The pituitary gland is located in the sella turcica.
what does through the optic canals
The optic nerves pass through the optic canals.
what does the through the foramen ovale
The maxillary nerve passes through the foramen rotundum.
what does the through the foramen lacerum
The mandibular nerve passes through the foramen ovale.
what does the through foramen rotundum
The foramen lacerum is filled with cartilage and allows the passage of small vessels and nerves.
what is the pterygoid process
The pterygoid process is a bony projection of the sphenoid bone.
how many bones make up the nasal bones
The nasal bones are made up of two bones.
where are lacrimal bones
The lacrimal bones are located in the medial wall of the eye socket.
what goes through the naso-lacrimal bones
The nasolacrimal duct passes through the nasolacrimal canals.
what is the hard plate
The hard palate is the bony front part of the roof of the mouth.
what bones forms the nasal septum
The vomer and ethmoid bones form the nasal septum.
what does septum mean
Septum means a dividing wall.
what part of the body is the mandible
The body of the mandible is the main horizontal part of the lower jaw.
what does through the mental formen
The mental nerve and blood vessels pass through the mental foramen.
what does ramus mean
Ramus means branch.
what is the condyloid prcess
The condyloid process is a rounded projection on the mandible that articulates with the temporal bone.
what forms the temporal-mandibular joint
The condyloid process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone form the temporomandibular joint.
what is the coronoid process
The coronoid process is a pointed projection on the mandible.
where is the hyoid bone located
The hyoid bone is located in the neck.
what does the hyoid bone connect to
The hyoid bone does not directly connect to any other bones. It is held in place by muscles and ligaments. throat.
what two things make up the vertebral arch
The pedicles and laminae form the vertebral arch.
what is the spinous process
It’s the bony projection extending backward from a vertebra where muscles and ligaments attach.
what goes through the vertebral foramen
The spinal cord passes through the vertebral foramen.
what is a laminectomy
A surgical removal of the lamina to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.
what are intervertebral foramina
Openings between vertebrae where spinal nerves exit the spinal column.
what does through the intervertebral foramen
The spinal nerves and blood vessels.