Lesson 34 Quiz Terms US History

Adolf Hitler

German dictator who took advantage of Germany's troubles and started German nationalism

Neville Chamberlain

British prime minister who flew to germany to meet with hitler, didnt agree with what he was doing

policy of appeasement

yielding to an enemy's demands in order to maintain peace

- signed by france and britain, despite their distrust in hitler and his actions

Munich Pact

Signed in 1938 between Great Britain, Gemany, and France that gave part of Czechoslovakia to Germany; Chamberlain said it guaranteed "peace in our time"

Treaty of Versailles

what hitler violated by arming Germany, boosted his domestic popularity

Czar Nicholas II

Leader of Russia before the Bolshevik Revolution, overthrown in 1917

- Vladimir Lenin's communist party took over after that

- formed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

Joseph Stalin

Communist dictator of the Soviet Union after Lenin's death

- used totalitarian dictatorship

- two main goals:

1. increase agricultural production

2. modernize industry

totalitarianism

system in which the government completely controls ALL ASPECTS of society, including the economy

Five-Year Plan

Stalin's economic policy to rebuild the Soviet economy after WWI

- tried to improve heavy industry and improve farm output, but resulted in famine

The Great Purge

began in 1934, Stalin ordered the Soviet secret police to round up and kill millions of people who he thought were not loyal to him

Benito Mussolini

Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943)

- Il Duce

- joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II

- founded the first fascist political movement

Fascism

based on an extreme nationalism in which the state is prioritized over the individual liberty

- strongly oppose democracy and communism

- favor military values, violence, and strong ruthless leadership

Blackshirts

Mussolini's "gang" used to control Italy

- violent squads that broke up political meetings and labor strikes

- assaulted socialists and communists, terrorizing local populations

Emmanuel III

The king of Italy who gave into Mussolini

- let Mussolini become the prime minister of Italy

Nazism

a form of fascism that promoted the belief that Germans and other Nordic peoples were superior to other races

Aryans

Germanic and Nordic people seen as the master race

- another name Hitler liked to call them

Mein Kampf

'My Struggle' by hitler, later became the basic book of nazi goals and ideology, reflected obsession

Lebensraum

Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people

- to expand Germany so Aryan families can live peacefully on farms

Third Reich

term Germans used to call their government

- passed new laws targeting Jews, limiting their job opp. and sending them to concentration camps

- only gave powerful positions to those who were the preferred race

Der Führer

"the leader", what hitler called himself

league of nations

A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another

Hideki Tojo

Japan's prime minister, a former general

- ordered attack on pearl harbor

- aggressive militarist

isolationism

A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs

- favored by americans who were just starting to recover from the great depression

Good Neighbor Policy

FDR declared that no state has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of one another

Rape of Nanjing

Japanese attack on Chinese capital from 1937-1938 when Japanese soldiers slaughtered 300,000 Chinese civilians

- raped 20,000 women in order to gain control of China

Spanish Civil War

Led by General Fransisco Franco

- overthrow spain's democratic republic

Neutrality Acts

4 laws passed in the late 1930s that were designed to keep the US out of European conflicts

Blitzkreig

"Lighting Wars" type of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939

mobilization

the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war

puppet government

a government set up and controlled by outside forces

royal air force

The British air force, Inflicted heavy losses on the German air force because its planes were aided by a newly developed radar and an excellent systems of communications

Battle of Britain

A series of battles between German and British air forces, fought over Britain in 1940-1941

Lend-Lease Act

1941 law that authorized FDR to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security

Atlantic Charter

1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII and to work for peace after the war

Pearl Harbor

United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941.

Allied Powers

Alliance of Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, and France during World War II

Axis Powers

Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II