Grade 12 Science Essentials Flashcards

A collection of key terms and definitions for Grade 12 Science topics.

Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound.

Catalyst

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing permanent change.

Acid-Base Neutralization

A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form water and a salt.

Limiting Reactant

The reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction, limiting the amount of product formed.

Empirical Formula

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, measured in grams per mole (g/mol).

Enthalpy Change (ΔH)

The change in heat content during a chemical reaction at constant pressure.

Collision Theory

The theory that states that for a reaction to occur, reactant particles must collide with sufficient energy and proper orientation.

Le Chatelier’s Principle

A principle stating that if a system at equilibrium is disturbed, it will shift to counteract the disturbance.

Oxidation

The process of losing electrons during a chemical reaction.

Reduction

The process of gaining electrons during a chemical reaction.

Electrolysis

The chemical decomposition produced by passing an electric current through a liquid or solution.