Academic Team Science Quick Recall

lev landau

this russian scientist developed a model of magnetism for solids and developed the theory of fermi fluids, superconductivity, and won the nobel prize for superfluids

lavoisier

this "father of modern chemistry" disproved phlogiston theory, named oxygen and hydrogen, and made the law of conservation of mass.

adiabatic

type of process in which heat neither enters nor leaves the system

carapace

chitinous upper exoskeleton of certain organisms such as arthropods and turtles

tri state tornado

deadliest tornado in US History

barrier islands

long, thin, low offshore islands of sediment that generally run parallel to the shore along some coasts and protect against tsunamis

law of octaves

this law states that the same properties appear every eighth element when the elements are listed in order of their atomic masses

third law of thermodynamics

AKA Nernst Heat theorem. entropy of a perfect crystal is zero at absolute zero.

bathymetric map

map showing depths of body of water

agnatha

class of jawless fish

plasmids

small DNA molecules that can build up resistance against a drug

massif

one is named Sancy in southern france. mountain group with many faults.

translation

at the start of this, the ribosome binds to the shine-dalgarno sequence

flagella

move in runs and tumbles

photoelectric effect

when light shines on metal, charge (e-) is created

coelom

cavity formed in gastrulation. not in platyhelminthes and cnidarians.

stroma

calvin cycle takes place in this.

acetylcholine

curare inhibits a receptor for this neurotransmitter

pterophyta

phylum that includes ferns

electron transport chain

without oxygen, this process is replaced by fermentation

abscission

the process by which cells physically separate after cytokinesis.

ohms law

diodes dont obey this law

bilateral symmetry

echinoderms in larvae stage show this property

black hole

extracting energy from spinning ones of these is called Blandford-Zjanek process. surrounded by accretion disk.

biennial

examples of this kind of plant are parsley and black-eyed susans

batholith

made of many plutons making a big expanse of felsic rock. examples are found in sierra nevadas and coast mountains.

pH

first proposed by Soren Sorenson. name refers to power of certain ion. logarithmic scale.

conjugate

in an acid-base reaction, one base and conjugate are formed by proton transfer. term for related acid-base pairs

calvin cycle

conducted in plants at day. makes glucose from captured CO2

schwann cells

type of glial cell only in peripheral nervous system. provide support for neurons by forming myelin sheath of PNS

dirac

he quantized the gravitational field and discovered positrons

tombaugh

he researched ballistics and discovered pluto

morgan

biologist best known for fruit fly genetics

moon

soil called regolith, and famous site called sea of tranquility

clausius

his thesis on how refraction makes the sky blue was proven by Rayleigh to be scattering. introduced idea of entropy and second law of thermodynamics

primitive streak

this linear structure establishes bilateral symmetry in mammals, birds, and reptiles.

hookes law

deals with elasticity. force to stretch a spring is proportional to movement distance

krebs cycle

this process occurs in cytosol and makes FADH2 + 3NADH

beaufort scale

scale ranging from calm to hurricane (0-17). determines wind speed from sea's appearance

mycology

study of fungi

nematodes

this phylum includes c. elegans and roundworms. it has bilaterally symmetric bodies and radially symmetric heads.

feynman

won nobel prize for contributing to quantum electrodynamics

residue

leftover product of a chemical reaction or unit of a larger molecule

dioecious

plants that require cross-pollination. male and female reproductive organs are separate plants

halophytes

salt tolerant plants

mesophyll

photosynthesis happens most strongly in this type of spongy plant tissue.

alkane

single bond

salt dome

an inverted bowl hiding oil or natural gas. form in saline environments.

lepton

Family of particles (electrons, muons, and neutrinos) that experience no strong forces. type of fermion.

glycogen

liver is most significant source of this molecule. stores energy in animals

second law of thermodynamics

law by clausius. entropy always increased so no process can fully 100% efficient

xray

radiation type discovered by Roentgen. between gamma and ultraviolet.

induction

phenomenon present in certain coiled circuit components. a change in the magnetic field makes an electric field.

ideal gas constant

one measurement for this constant was found by finding speed of sound of argon at water's triple point. denoted R

pleura

membranes in thorax that surround the lungs

beryl

hardness 7-8, blue variants of this mineral are called aquamarine. namesake lightest alkaline earth metal.

faraday cage

first made by benjamin franklin. discovered with ice pail experiment. wire meshes that don't allow electromagnetic signals smaller than their gaps to pass

mutagens

phenylalanine is a type of this. physical and chemical agents that interact with DNA to cause mutations.

microtubules

structures that help pull the cell apart during mitosis. provide support to cell and dispersed through cytoplasm.

lignin

lacks formal primary structure like most structural plant compounds. stretchy polymer in plant cell walls.

endosymbiosis

a theory explaining the separation between eukaryotes and prokaryotes and the existence of organelles being from evolved ingested unicellular organisms.

aerosols

inhalation of these can cause diseases like black lung. these colloids are made of solid particles or liquid drops dispersed in a gas.

anemia

this disorder is more likely in females. lack of red blood cells.

twin paradox

a thought experiment in special relativity explained by einstein to be the result of time dilation. this paradox says that 2 identical objects in different reference frames age at different rates.

buckminsterfullerene

one of the largest known compounds to show wave-particle duality. 60+ carbon atom structure. namesake scientist made geodesic dome.

seaborg

this berkeley scientist discovered 10 elements and hypothesized actinide series. has element Sg named after him.

cavendish

discovered that nitrogen makes up most of atmosphere. did namesake experiment to measure density, mass, and special gravity of Earth. discovered hydrogen.

boltzmann

his theorem for statistical mechanics supplements the second law of thermodynamics. his equation is basis of transport-processes theory. Austrian physicist.

zika

this retrovirus was first isolated in a rhesus monkey in Uganda. brazil outbreak in 2015.

energy level

quantum numbers corresponding to position of electron in atom. particles have a discrete amount of energy in these distinctions.

meninges

the innermost of these tissues is the pia mater, impermeable to fluids. these membranes cushion CNS

planck

made system of units derived only from universal constants like his namesake time and length. german pioneer of quantum mechanics.

osteichthyes

this class contains bony fish

cinnabar

a toxic substance. distilling/roasting this yields mercury. mercury sulfide mineral with namesake red-orange color.

impulse

airbags try to minimize this. time integral of force. time derivative of momentum.

azeotropes

a mixture of multiple liquids unable to be separated through distillation. form mechanically inseparable phases

galvanic cell

the 2 halves of this device are connected by glass tube/filter paper called salt bridge. this type of cell uses chemical reactions to make electricity.

anammox

this process in the nitrogen cycle is short for anaerobic ammonia oxidation

loess

fine grains consisting mainly of quartz. loosely packed sediments created by wind or glaciers.

coulombs law

physics law with namesake constant: 8.987*10^9. describes interaction between charged particles. explains why like charges repel.

proteomics

study of proteins

gay-lussacs law

gas law: pressure and temperature are directly related.

oncogenes

genes that influence the development and growth of tumor cells, causing cancer

cosmological constant

represented by capital lambda. constant in Einstein's equations of space and time representing a repulsion force. allows for static universe.

molality

concentration of a solution expressed in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. deals with mass.

epistasis

gene at one locus alters the expression of a gene at a second locus

superacids

acids stronger than 100% sulfuric acid including

fluoroantimonic, magic, and perchloric acids.

james clerk maxwell

derived namesake electromagnetism equations. first to unify electricity and magnetism.

cyclosis

movement of cytoplasm around the cell

colligative properties

Properties of solutions affected only by number of solute particles dissolved.

enthalpy

the heat/energy content of a system. symbolized H.

pauling

proposed alpha helix and though DNA was triple helix. created namesake 4-point scale for electronegativity

pyridine

makes up half of nicotine molecule. forms niacin when carboxylic acid is added. formula C5H5N with similar shape to benzene

isobaric

type of thermodynamic process in which total pressure of the system is constant

esters

this functional group has general formula RCOOR. notable fruity scent.

standard candle

class of celestial objects including cepheids with constant known luminosities used to identify astronomical distances

punnett

wrote first textbook on genetics and butterfly mimicry. namesake rectangular tool to predict genotypes.

la nina

cooling of western pacific ocean around december. name means "Little Girl"

acetone

simplest ketone, used in labs to clean glassware, found in nail polish remover.

rosalind franklin

this scientist researched the structure of the tobacco mosaic virus and used x-ray diffraction to determine the structure of DNA