HISTORY - Unit 4 WWI

Causes for WWI

gov systems, alliances, nationalism, militarism, imperialism

Allied Powers

France, England, Russia (later Japan, Italy, and the US); side that won the war

Central Powers

Austria Hungary, Germany (later Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire to re-gain territory); side that lost the war

King George V

king of the UK throughout the war, actively supporting the war effort by visiting front lines and keeping up morale

Tsar Nicholas II

took direct command of Russia without military experience, which caused a series of events that contributed to the Russian Revolution and his own overthrow

Kaiser Wilhelm II

ruler of Germany, cousins with Nicholas II and George V, known for being sly, forced Bismark to resign, very proud of his military

Triple Alliance

alliance between Germany, Austria Hungary, and Italy

Triple Entente

alliance between Britain, France, and Russia

Franz Ferdinand

throne of Austria Hungary, assassinated in Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia, on June 28, 1914 by Gavrilo Princip

Gavrilo Princip

assassin of Archduke Ferdinand, member of the Black Hand gang

Black Hand Gang

secret society ridding Bosnia of Austrian rule

Western Front

deadlocked region in Northern France, known as the “Terrain of Death“, border between France and Belgium

Eastern Front

battlefield along German and Russian border

Examples of Technology

tanks, machine guns, poision gas, submarines, airplanes, and zepplins/blimps

“No Man’s Land”

the space between opposing trenches, extremely dangerous when soldiers jumped over that was followed by death

Woodrow Wilson

president of the U.S. before and during WWI

Moral Diplomacy

Wilson’s belief of American superiority and everlasting peace for the world

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germans announced their submarines would sink without warning any ship in British waters, most famous was Lusitania, which started the involvement of the U.S. in the war

Restricted Submarine Warfare

Germans promised to stop attacking neutral and passenger ships

Lusitania

British ship with weapons and U.S. passengers aboard that was sunk by Germans in unrestricted submarine warfare

Zimmermann Telegram

a message from Germany to Mexico, asking them to become allies and promising Mexico that they will re-conquer the land they lost to the U.S., “last straw for the Americans“

Mexico

significant because involved with the Zimmerman Telegram which eventually led to the US entering the war

Romanov Family

Russian royal family, father is the czar, and the son, Alexei, is terminally ill

Rasputin

a homeless man that cured Alexei’s illness, he lived with the Romanovs and took the kings position when the czar when to front lines, he was killed by aristocrats who believed he didn’t belong in such high power

Vladimir Lenin

wealthy and successful man in Russia, created USSR, communist

Russian Revolution

two revolutions in 1917, the first one overthrowing the imperial gov and the second placing the Bolsheviks in power

Peace, Land, Bread

Ideas from the April Theses, a book written by Lenin (1917), the belief that the Bolsheviks would make peace w the Germans, give peasants land, and solve food shortages

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Russia had civil unrest and food/fuel shortage. They decided to withdraw from the war and sign this treaty with Germany in 1918

Propaganda

spreading of information for helping or injuring a cause

War Bonds

highly encouraged in the U.S, Americans putting in money to support the war and being promised a greater amount when the war ended

Role of Women

women joined the workforce while men fought and had jobs such as nurses and military service, working to fight the suffrage movement

Armistice Day

the day WWI came to an end, happened on Nov 11, 11:00 am

Big Four

four representative that made the major decisions: Woodrow Wilson (US), Georges Clemenceau (France), David Lloyd George (GB), Vittons Orlando (Italy)

Fourteen Points

while war was still raging, Wilson drafted these peace proposals - 14th point reflected his hope for an organization that could peacefully negotiate solutions to world conflicts

Treaty of Versailles

compromise reached at Paris Peace Conference that created a League of Nations and Article 231, Germany’s “war guilt“ clause

Article 231

known as Germany’s “war guilt“, the clause placed responsibility of war on Germany and they had to pay reparations to the Allies, had to lose territory and forced to restrict their military

League of Nations

made from the Treaty of Versailles, international association meant to keep peace among nations

Espionage Act 1917

prohibited Americans from spying, interfering w/ military draft, and making false statements that impede military success

Sedition Act 1918

no disloyal or abusive language regarding US gov or military during war

Schlieffen Plan

German plan to attack and defeat France to get to Russia, which is the weaker country