Organisational strategies of expository, argumentative and persuasive discourse

It is important to assess the reliability and validity of the evidence presented by the author.

cause and effect

• to help readers understand the sequence of events or actions leading to certain outcomes. by explaining why something happened and what resulted from it, writers provide clarity and context.

classification

• to categorize evidence or arguments, making a stronger case for a particular viewpoint or course of action,

• to provide clarity to readers by clarifying relationships between different elements.

• to create a clear structure for their piece. this organization makes it easier for readers to follow along and locate specific information they're interested in.

comparison and contrast

• to emphasise differences between ideas, concepts or objects. highlights the superiority of one option over another can strengthen an argument.

• to illustrate r/ships between different ideas or objects. by juxtaposing two things, writers can show how they relate to each other, whether they’re similar, complementary, contradictory or otherwise connected.

• to add depth and nuance to writing. it allows for exploration of multiple facets of a topic, providing a more comprehensive understanding for the reader.

concession and rebuttal

• to enhance the credibility of their argument and demonstrates a fair-minded approach to the subject matter. by acknowledging opposing viewpoints, a writer shows that they have considered multiple perspectives on the topic,

• to build trust with the audience, as readers are more likely to respect a writer who engages thoughtfully with differing perspectives,

• to strengthen their own argument by demonstrating its superiority over competing viewpoints. by refuting opposing arguments with evidence and reasoning, the writer can bolster the credibility and persuasiveness of their position,

• to preemptively mitigate doubts or objections that readers may have, increasing the overall persuasiveness of their argument, by preemptively addressing these objection.

counterarguments

• to encourage the audience to dismiss objection as invalid and accept the counter argument presented.

definitions

• to ensure that readers understand the specific meaning intended by the writer. this clarity helps avoid confusion and promotes effective communication.

evidence

• to substantiate their arguments and make their writing more compelling and convincing,

• incorporating evidence from credible sources enhances the writer's credibility. readers are more likely to trust an argument supported by evidence from reputable sources, as it demonstrates the writer's expertise and thorough research.

hypophora

• to catch attention, since a reader's curiosity is stimulated by hearing a question.

illustrations and examples

• to clarify complex ideas or concepts by providing concrete, real-world instances that readers can easily understand. they make abstract concepts more tangible and relatable, enhancing reader comprehension,

• well-chosen illustrations and examples can capture readers' attention and engage them more effectively than abstract explanations alone. They add interest and appeal to the text, making it more engaging and enjoyable to read.

juxtaposition

• to highlight stark differences between two ideas, characters, situations, or images. by placing contrasting elements in close proximity, writers draw attention to the differences, emphasizing their significance to the reader,

• the juxtaposition of opposing ideas or perspectives can generate a sense of dramatic tension, driving the narrative forward and keeping readers engaged,

• the author will often juxtapose a conflicting argument or statement with a counterargument in order to strengthen his claim. this will be done in a bid to discredit the other side of the argument while at the same time presenting the writer as thoughtful and well reasoned. this tends to make the author’s claims more acceptable to the audience.

lists

• lists help organize information in a clear and structured manner, making it easier for readers to understand and follow.

order of importance

• to highlight the most crucial points or arguments, ensuring that they receive the reader's attention and are not overlooked,

• when presenting multiple arguments or perspectives, writers may use order of importance to address the most significant counterarguments first. this allows them to preemptively respond to potential objections and strengthen their overall argument.

problem and solution

• presenting a problem at the outset captures the reader's attention by piquing their curiosity or appealing to their desire for resolution,

• demonstrating a problem and offering a solution can be a powerful rhetorical strategy. it shows that the writer understands the audience's concerns and has a viable solution,

• empowers readers by providing them with actionable steps they can take to address similar issues in their own lives.

reasons

• to provide evidence and support for the writer's main points or arguments. they add credibility to the writer's claims by offering logical explanations and backing them up with relevant facts, examples, or data,

• to provide readers with insights into why certain ideas or principles are important or how they work in practice.

refutations

• to allow the writer to acknowledge and respond to potential objections or opposing viewpoints. by addressing counterarguments directly, the writer demonstrates a thorough understanding of the topic and enhances the credibility of their own argument.

statistical data

• to provide concrete evidence to support arguments or claims. by incorporating statistical data from reputable sources, writers enhance the credibility of their assertions and make their arguments more persuasive,

• to pique the audience’s interest and lays a sturdy foundation for the arguments which the writer presents.