GCSE Chemistry: Organic chemistry 2

What are alcohols?

a homologous series with an -OH group

What is the general formula for alcohols?

Cn H2n+1 OH

What is the name of the -OH group?

hydroxyl group

How is ethanol made by yeast?

1. Sugars dissolved in water

2. Add yeast

3. Mixture kept at 30C without air by bubbling into limewater

4. Ethanol produced

What is the product of mild oxidation of alcohols?

Carboxylic acids

What is the product of an alcohol reacting with a carboxylic acid being catalysed?

Ester

What happens when alcohols are added to water?

They dissolve; though solubility decreases as the molecules increases in size

What are alcohols commonly used for?

Fuels, Solvents and Alcoholic drinks

What is the functional group in a carboxylic acid?

carboxyl group (-COOH)

What is the general formula for a carboxylic acid?

Cn H2n+1 COOH

How strong are carboxylic acids?

They are weak acids

What is the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?

Condensation

What are esters?

A homologous series with the functional group -COO-

What are esters used for?

They are used in food flavourings and perfumes

How are esters named?

The prefix of the alcohol with -yl as a suffix and the prefix of the acid with -oate as the suffix. For example, ethanol and ethanoic acid would react to form ethyl ethanoate