Lecture Review Flashcards

Flashcards to help review key terms and definitions from lecture notes.

Integrity (definition)

The state of being whole or undivided.

Physiological Aspect

Pertains to the body system or normal, healthy body functions.

Common areas for higher wellness

Mobility/Activity, Sleep/Rest, Nutrition/GI Function, Urinary Elimination, Fecal Elimination, Sensory Function.

Decreased Activity Tolerance

The type and amount of exercise or daily living activities an individual is able to perform without experiencing adverse effects.

Respiratory Problems in Sedentary/Post-Op Patients

Pneumonia, Atelectasis, Pulmonary Embolism.

Circulation Concerns

Hemorrhage, Hypovolemic Shock, Thrombophlebitis, Wound Infection.

Rest

A decreased state of activity with calmness, relaxation without emotional stress, and freedom from anxiety.

Sleep

An altered state of consciousness with decreased perception of and reaction to the environment.

Insomnia

Lack of rest/sleep.

Normal Urine Characteristics

Transparent appearance.

Upper GI Tract Bleeding Stool Color

Black.

Young-old

60 years to 74 years.

Middle-old

75 to 84 years.

Old-old

85+ years.

Centenarians

Older than 100.

Gerontology

Study of aging and older adults.

Geriatrics

Medical care of older adults.

Ageism

Attitudes towards aging.

Acute care facilities

Care setting for older adults.

Long-term care facilities

Care setting for older adults.

Assisted living

Own apartment, but some help with ADLs; facility provides meals, weekly activities, and socialization.

Intermediate care

Additional assistance, 24 hours nursing oversight to protect the client from injury and increase quality of life; no longer independent.

Skilled nursing facility (SNF)

Higher level of nursing care: tube feedings, IV therapy, chronic wound therapy, mechanical ventilators; physical/occupational/speech therapy.

Alzheimer’s Disease/memory care units

Specialized knowledge and help family members understand and cope with the disease process.

Hospice

provide client with pain management and psychosocial/spiritual care through the dying process

Gerontological Rehabilitation Nursing

combines expertise in gerontological nursing with rehabilitation concepts and practice; more intensive therapy than SNF

Home health

for clients who are homebound and unable to leave home without a considerable amount of effort (Medicare)

Nurse-run ambulatory care clinics

management of chronic illness; nurses follow up with telephone contacts or home visits

Adult day services centers

focus is on social activities and health care; level of nursing care may vary

Integumentary Changes in Older Adults

Increased skin dryness, pallor, and fragility; Decreased perspiration; Thinning and graying of hair

Neuromuscular Changes in Older Adults

Decreased speed and power of muscle contractions; Loss of height and bone mass; Joint stiffness; Impaired balance

Sensory/Perceptual Changes in Older Adults

Presbyopia; Increased sensitivity to glare; Presbycusis; Decreased sense of taste and smell

Pulmonary Changes in Older Adults

Decreased ability to expel foreign matter; Decreased lung expansion; Reduced vital capacity

Cardiac Changes in Older Adults

Reduced cardiac output and stroke volume; Increased rigidity of arteries; Increase in blood pressure

Gastrointestinal Changes in Older Adults

Delayed swallowing time; Xerostomia; Increased tendency for indigestion and constipation

Urinary Changes in Older Adults

Reduced filtering ability of the kidney; Less effective urine concentration; Urinary urgency and frequency

Immunologic Changes in Older Adults

Decreased immune response; Poor response to immunization; Decreased stress response

Endocrine Changes in Older Adults

Increased insulin resistance; Decreased thyroid function

Retirement

Psychosocial Change of Older Adults.

Economic change

Psychosocial Change of Older Adults.

Altered relationships with adult children/role reversal

Psychosocial Change of Older Adults.

Maintaining independence

Psychosocial Change of Older Adults.

Relocation

Psychosocial Change of Older Adults.

Facing death and grieving

Psychosocial Change of Older Adults.

Falls

Common health issue for older adults (25% each year).

Polypharmacy

Common health issue for older adults.

Dementia vs delirium

Common health issue for older adults.

Mistreatment/elder abuse

Common health issue for older adults.

Skin Integrity

Physiological Variable discussed in lecture.

Wound Classifications

Covered in the Skin Integrity Lecture.

Braden Scale

Tool used to assess & manage risk of skin issues.

Epidermis

Outer layer of the skin.

Dermis

Layer of skin under the epidermis.

Subcutaneous tissue

Layer of skin under the dermis.

MASD

Moisture-associated skin damage.

Wound Etiology

Component of wound nursing assessment.

Partial-thickness

Wound involving the epidermis.

Full-thickness

Wound involving dermal and subcutaneous layers.

Exudate

Wound drainage, characterized by color, amount, and consistency.

Regeneration

Wound healing process for epidermis.

Scar tissue formation

Wound healing process for deeper tissues.

Acute Wounds

Wounds that move rapidly and predictably through healing process.

Chronic Wounds

Wounds that fail to heal through normal repair process.

Primary Intention Wound Healing

Closed surgically with minimal infection risk.

Secondary Intention Wound Healing

Left open to heal.

Tertiary Intention Wound Healing

Delay between injury and surgical closure.

Hemostasis

First step of wound healing; control bleeding.

Inflammation

Second step of wound healing; establish clean wound bed.

Proliferation/Granulation

Third step of wound healing; Granulation, contraction, epithelialization

Maturation

Fourth step of wound healing; scar tissue builds to normal strength.

Infection

Factor Influencing Wound Healing.

Diabetes

Factor Influencing Wound Healing.

Nutrition

Factor Influencing Wound Healing.

Obesity

Factor Influencing Wound Healing.

Smoking

Factor Influencing Wound Healing.

Immunosuppression/corticosteroids

Factor Influencing Wound Healing.

Pressure Injury Stage 1

Intact skin with non-blanchable redness.

Pressure Injury Stage 2

Partial thickness loss of dermis.

Pressure Injury Stage 3

Full-thickness tissue loss, subcutaneous fat may be visible.

Pressure Injury Stage 4

Full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle.

Slough

Yellow, tan, gray, green, or brown tissue in wound bed.

Eschar

Tan, brown, or black tissue in wound bed.

PI

Pressure Injury.

Cleanse, Apply topical, Fill, Cover, Secure

Typical dressing model.

Optimal function

Promote to a client that need Oxygenation

Comfort

Promote to a client that need Oxygenation

Proper breathing

Promote to a client that need Oxygenation

Body Temperature

Reflects the balance between heat produced and lost from the body.

Pyrexia

A body temperature above the usual range (usually >100.4°F or 38°C)

Hyperpyrexia

Very high fever (>106°F or 41°C)

Hypothermia

A core body temp below 96°F (36°C)

Pneumonia

An infection of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

Parable of the pencil

An example of the importance of the role of nursing management.

Pain

Whatever the person says it is, and exists whenever the person says it does.

Transduction

The first process of the pain process.

Neuromodulators

Modulation from pain from