Chapter 1 - Chemistry H

quiz on 9/17/25

chemistry

study of matter & the changes that it undergoes

substance

(aka chemical) is matter that has a definite & uniform composition

ozone

substance in the atmosphere, absorbs the most hurtful radiation before it reaches Earth's surface

troposphere

- lowest layer

- contains air

- where clouds/weather occur

stratosphere

- above troposphere

- ozone layer that protects Earth is here

ozone hole

thinning of the ozone layer (protective layer)

chlorofluorocarbons

consists of chlorine, fluorine, & carbon

how are CFCs made?

in lab synthetically

what are CFCs used for

mainly for refrigerators & air conditioning systems

why are these CFCs bad?

large quantities of CFCs were drifting into the atmosphere

mass

the amount of matter in an object

weight

the force of gravity on an object

model

a verbal, visual, or mathematical explanation of experimental data

the structure, composition. & behavior of all matter can be explained..

under a submicroscopic level or atomic level

organic chemistry

most carbon-containing chemicals (pharmaceuticals, plastics)

inorganic chemistry

in general, matter that does NOT have carbon(minerals, metals)

physical chemistry

behavior/changes of matter & related energy changes(reaction rates & mechanisms)

analytical chemistry

components/composition of substances(food nutrients, quality control)

biochemistry

matter & process of living organisms(metabolism, fermentation)

experiment

set of controlled observations that test the hypothesis

qualitative data

physical characteristics or 5 senses

quantitative data

numerical info

hypothesis

testable statement/prediction about what's been observed

independent variable

variable you plan to change

dependent variable

value changes in response to a change in the independent variable

control

standard for comparison

theory

explanation of a natural phenomenon based on many observations and investigations over time

scientific law

relationship in nature that's supported by many experiments

pure research

to gain knowledge for the sake of knowledge itself

applied research

research undertaken to solve a specific problem