Biotechnology Unit 2

Flashcards from Biotechnology Unit 2 lecture notes.

If a red flower is crossed with a white flower and all offspring are white, what color is the dominant trait?

White

What is translocation?

Two chromosomes swap segments.

Is discussing a patient loudly in public a HIPAA violation?

Yes

What is unique to DNA compared to RNA?

Thymine, deoxyribose sugar, double-stranded

Define genotype and phenotype.

Genotype = genes; phenotype = physical traits.

What tool and unit are used to measure blood pressure?

Sphygmomanometer, mmHg

What does a Punnett square show?

Possible genotypes/traits of offspring

Why are there no carriers for dominant traits?

Carriers would express the trait.

Transcribe: ATC CGA GGG ATT TAA

UAG GCU CCC UAA AUU

What is a deletion mutation?

A piece of chromosome is removed

Name two factors that affect vital signs.

Exercise and stress

How is Familial Hypercholesterolemia inherited?

Autosomal dominant; one mutated gene is enough.

What is translation?

Ribosomes use mRNA to assemble proteins

What's the difference between DNA and chromosomal mutations?

DNA = small scale; chromosomal = large scale

What does HIPAA protect?

Patients' private medical information

What is the purpose of meiosis?

To create sex cells (4 unique cells with 23 chromosomes)

What is transcription?

Copying DNA into mRNA in the nucleus

What are the two key sources of genetic variation in meiosis?

Crossing over and independent assortment

What do insulin and glucagon do?

Insulin lowers blood sugar; glucagon raises it

Name one way to improve conversations with patients.

Make eye contact and ask a few non-medical questions

What's the purpose of mitosis?

Growth and repair (produces 2 identical cells)

Why is maintaining accurate patient records important?

Inaccurate records can lead to wrong diagnoses and legal issues

Name one lifestyle change to reduce cholesterol.

Eat more fruits and vegetables

How many chromosomes does a human somatic cell have?

46 total; 44 autosomal

What sex is shown in the karyotype?

Female (XX); it's a normal karyotype

Translate: UAG GCU CCC UAA AUU

STOP, ALA, PRO, STOP, ILE

What tool can identify FH using DNA?

Gel electrophoresis

Name one cholesterol-lowering medication.

Statins

In the freckles Punnett square, which boxes are new allele combos?

Boxes 1 (FF) and 4 (ff)

What is one way a healthcare provider can show empathy?

Giving equal attention and care to all patients