Ap world Unit 3 Study Guide

The Silk Road

The Silk Road

caravan routes connecting China and the Middle East across Central Asia and Iran.

Trans Saharan routes

The exchange of goods across the Sahara desert, they used camels and traded copper salt and slaves

The Indian ocean/Arabian routes

The worlds richest maritime trading network that was essential for the prosperity of east Africa

It connected, Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and East Africa.

The Baltic sea/eastern European routes

The ships needed to carry heavy loads and be more sturdy. They traded timber Amber and furs.

Similarities between the routes and differences

Similarities: all spread ideas, religion and goods

Differences: they use different transportation and had different environmental challenges

How did the silk road trade affect peasants in China?

The silk rope of the peasants to focus on producing more luxury, lightweight goods that can travel easily

Describe the contribution of women to the silk road trade

Women were the producers and consumers of the goods of the silk road. They harvested and spun, silk the most important good.

Explain what technological improvements helped facilitate trade in the Indian ocean

The junction, Sterner, Rutters, and Astrolabe assisted in swifter and safety to trade overseas. People also developed a better understanding of monsoons and navigation overseas.

Describe where long distance trade shifted to during the 15th century

in the 15th century trade shifted to east Asia, Southeast Asia in the Indian ocean

Describe the attributes and significance of Swahili civilization

Swahili civilization was an important contributor and receiver of goods peoples and ideas. They helped coastal cities to grow prosperous and powerful.

Describe the main attributes of trade in the Inca Empire

Incan trade was a factor of unification and exchange between the different regions. They traded bronze animals, crops and tools.

Describe the networks of exchange in the Americas

The Aztecs and the Incas had little contact and many places couldn’t trade because of geographic barriers like the Andes Incan roads allowed large quantities of trade and regional trade flourished

Define tribute system as it relates to the Mongols

The tribute system of the Mongols, like in Xiongu, took tributes from China and other nomadic peoples. It forced the Han dynasty to acknowledge quality with barbarians.

Describe the relationship between Xiongu and China

China saw Xiongu as foreign and tried to penetrate it. They created a huge military, and eventually took tributes from China instead.

Why was international commerce important to the Mongols?

It produced great wealth, so the people could live lavishly It was also the only way the mongos could be successful because they didn’t really produce anything so they relied on taxes

In what ways were Europeans in the 16th century similar to the Mongols in the 13th century?

They both had plans to conquer and influence the world

Why did pastoral societies never emerging the Americas?

There were no big easily domesticated animals

describe the role pastoral societies, played in world history before the Mongol empire

Pastoral societies connected Eurasia, but we’re seen as ignorant, annoying barbarians by the more civilized societies, and were ignored

Explain the relationship between pastoral societies and agricultural societies

pastoral and agricultural societies are both egalitarian and were communities of kin with little to no state or hierarchy

Explain mongol rule in Persia

there is massive destruction until all that remained was wine and silk production. The Mongols were more transformed in Persia, and converted to Islam, or light on Persian bureaucracy, and learned Persian language.

Explain Mongol rule in Russia

Devastated Russia, because the Russians didn’t unite against them, they deported skilled workers Moscow was developed and the orthodox church flourished

Explain Mongol rule in China

There was less violence in the southern area of China compared to the north, the Mongols united China, because the people believe that the Mongols had been granted the mandate of heaven.

What do historians believe where the reasons the Mongols were able to create an empire?

They believe that Mongol rule may have developed due to good luck, good timing, and the fact that the opposite caliphate in the Islamic world was declining.

Which region gained the most from exchanges with the Mongol empire?

Europe

Explain a long-term effect of the black death on European Society

Labor wages were developed when too many peasant farmers died, and there was a demand for labor and not enough workers.

Srivijaya

A sea dominant city state that influenced much of southeast Asia, and was an important center for the expansion of Buddhism

Angkor Wat

A temple complex in Cambodia it is the largest religious monument in the world and represents Hindu gods it also vividly illustrates the penetration of Indian culture throughout Southeast Asia

Swahili civilization

It started with Bantu Africans living on the African coast. It developed into a civilization and became an Islamic business center.

Great Zimbabwe

It’s rise was connected to the growing gold trade and was the capital of Zimbabwe

Ghana

One of some city states with monarchies of elaborate court life and military they drew wealth from the trans-Saharan trade by taxing the merchants

Mali

similar to Ghana, it’s rulers monopolize the import of strategic goods. It also had some white women’s slaves and slaves were major imports and export.

Songhay

A state that dominated the west it was one of the largest states in Africa at its peak. It also controlled many of the trade routes through the Sahara.

Modun

He was a ruler of the Xiongu empire. He’s most known for creating a centralized and hierarchical political system

Turks

Nomads enroaching on Eurasian civilization they migrated from Mongolia and created numerous nomadic empires. They also came from southern Siberia.

Almoravid Empire

– Muslim empire and west Africa of nomads.

• Ibn Yasin sparked it establishment when he came to Mecca to purify the people

Temujin/Chenggis Khan

• Son of a murdered chieftain, and grew to be a chief in his own right

• He was a ruler of the Mongol empire, and his known for his ruthlessness towards outsiders, the Chinese believed that he earned the mandate of heaven

Yuan dynasty China

A Mongol dynasty in China that accommodated Chinese culture. They did this by adopting Chinese administrative practices and techniques of taxes.

Kubilai Khan

• Grandson of Chenggis Khan

• Made policies that evoked the values of benevolent Chinese emperor by improving roads, canals taxes, and limiting the death penalty and torture

Hulegu

Another grandson of Chrnggis Khan he let his second assault upon Persia and became the first il-khan of Persia

Khutulun

She was the daughter related to the Mongol ruler of central Asia. She refused to marry and could fight better than any man.

kipchak khanate/ Golden Horde

Was how the Mongol saw Russia it’s named after the people north of Caspian in the Black seas some Mongol settled within it

Timur

A Turkic warrior leader who attempted to restore the Mongol empire he attacked Russia, Persian and India, and his descendants would control the area between Persia and Afghanistan

Ottoman Empire

Created by a Turkic warrior group in Anatolia it expanded throughout the peninsula and adopted Christianity. It represented the turks as dominant to Arabs and as Muslims being aggressors.

The seizure of Constantinople in 1453

The Ottoman Empire seized Constantinople and marked the final demise of Christian Byzantium. It also allowed Ottoman rulers to see themselves as successors to the Roman Empire

Safavid empire

A Persian Turkic empire that expanded from Sufi religious order. Forcefully imposed a Shia version of Islam as the state religion

Timbuktu

City in Songhai it was a major center of the Islamic learning and commerce by the 16th century

Mugal Empire

An Indian empire that continued an ongoing encounter between Islamic and Hindi civilizations. It was a established in the early 16th century by an Islamic Turkic group, that invaded India united India, and laid the foundation for British rule

Malacca

A Muslim port city it helps spread Islam through trade. It also had a rep for rough behavior and lack of culture. It did become an Islamic learning center.

American Web

The network of trade that linked parts of the pre-Colombian Americas it was less intense than the Afro Eurasia trade, but it still provided an exchange of goods and ideas

Pochteca

Professional, long-distance traveling merchants of the Aztec Empire they were small, but important in class. They facilitated commerce and carried vital information across borders between empires.