Interrelations of Organelles and Protein Production

Flashcards based on lecture notes about the interrelations of organelles and protein production.

Gene

The specific instruction to make a hormone, located on a chromosome.

mRNA

A molecule that copies instructions from DNA in the nucleus and carries them to the ribosome.

Ribosome

Organelle that reads mRNA instructions and assembles proteins (hormones).

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached, involved in protein synthesis and transport.

Vesicle

A small, membrane-bound sac that transports proteins from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus and to the cell surface membrane.

Golgi Apparatus

Organelle that packages and modifies proteins, preparing them for release from the cell.

Secretion

The release of proteins outside the cell via vesicles that fuse with the cell surface membrane.

Nucleus

Contains the DNA, which carries instructions for the cell. Copies instructions from DNA into mRNA.

Ribosome

Manufacture and decodes the instructions contained in mRNA.

ER

Protein synthesis on RER and transport of newly made protein through cell.

Golgi body

Processes and packages protein.

Vesicles

Transport material from ER to Golgi to cell surface membrane or other sites in cell e.g. lysosome.