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Skeletal System
The framework of bones and cartilage that supports and protects the body.
Long bones
Bones that are long and thin, such as the femur.
Short bones
Bones that are short and square-ish in shape, such as the tarsals.
Flat bones
Bones that are flat and don't have much 3D shape, such as the parietal bone.
Irregular bones
Bones that vary in shape and are usually twisty and unlevel, such as the sacrum.
Central canals
Canals in bones that go straight up and down (north / south) carry blood cells and nerves
Perforating canals
Canals in bones that connect to the central canals and carry blood and nerves. (east /west)
The function of bones is
providing support + movement and protecting vital organs
Red bone marrow
Bone marrow that produces red blood cells.
Yellow bone marrow
Bone marrow that stores fat.
The thyroid notices an _____ in blood calcium and sends out ____
increase / calcitonin
Intramembranous bone development
Bones that develop directly from osteoblasts.
Endochondral bone development
Bones that develop from masses of connective tissue.
Epiphyseal plate
A band of cartilage between the primary and secondary ossification centers that allows for longitudinal growth of bone.
Osteoblasts
Cells that build bone.
Osteoclasts
Cells that break down bone.
Vitamin deficiencies and bone development
The effects of vitamin deficiencies, such as vitamin D deficiency causing rickets or osteomalacia.
Pituitary dwarfism
A condition resulting from inadequate secretion of growth hormones by the pituitary gland.
Gigantism
A condition resulting from an excess of growth hormones.
Thyroid and sex hormones
Hormones that affect bone development and growth, with parathyroid stimulating osteoclasts and sex hormones promoting bone formation.
Axial skeleton
The bones of the head, neck, and trunk.
Appendicular skeleton
The bones of the limbs and their attachments.
Cranium
The bones of the skull.
Facial skeleton
The bones of the face.
Fontanels
Soft spots on a baby's skull that allow for brain growth.
The parathyroid senses a _____ in blood calcium and sends out the _______
decrease / parathyroid hormone
Sex hormones effect bone how
Promote bone formation and stimulate ossification of epiphyseal plates
Fontanels do what
permit some movement that the developing skull can change shape slightly, and aids in brain growth
Active, lining tissues found in bone include
Blood, nervous tissue, dense connective tissue, bone tissue
Osteocytes
are bone cells in lacunae
Note 
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