Topic 1 - Anatomy

Contractility

ability of the muscle to shorten and contract and generate the force.

Extensibility

ability of muscle to lengthen. stretch beyond its normal resting length without causing damage

Elasticity

ability of muscle to return to normal size and original length and shape after contraction/extension

Atrophy

the wasting of muscle tissue. due to disuse, disease, or starvation

Hypertrophy

the increase in size of muscle tissue.

Controlled by nerve stimuli

the ability of muscle tissue to be stimulated by electrical impulses/excitability/conductivity muscles work in pairs through reciprocal inhibition

Fed by capillaries

capillaries supply muscles with oxygen and nutrients/remove waste products

Smooth muscle

walls of internal organs and blood vessels, involuntary movement

Cardiac muscle

contraction in heart muscle, form the walls of the heart, involuntary movement

Skeletal muscle

contraction used for movement, in skeletal muscle, voluntary movement

Epimysium

the fibrous envelope surrounding a whole skeletal muscle

Perimysium

the fibrous connective sheath that surrounds large muscle fibre bundles or fasciculi

Endomysium

fine connective tissue sheath that surrounds a muscle fibre or cell

Muscle Fibre

muscle cell

Myofibril

fine longitudinal structure within a muscle fibre composed of the myofilaments of actin and myosin

Sarcomere

basic structural unit of a muscle cell consisting of part of the myofibril

Actin

thin filaments consisting of protein globules tropomyosin and troponin

Myosin

thick filaments with myosin heads that connect to the actin and cause the movement of the actin filament resulting in contraction of the muscle

Axis

a real of imagineary line about which an object, form, composition, or geometrical construction is symmetrical

Append

to add as a supplement; to attach; hang on

human skeleton functions

attachment, protection, movement, support, blood cell formation, mineral reservoir

Axial Skeleton

protection, attachment, movement, support. e.g. skull, ribs, sternum, vertebral column

Appendicular Skeleton

attachment, movement, support, blood cell formation, mineral reservoir

Long bone

hollow cylindrical shaft formed of compact bone with cancellous bone located at the expanded ends of the sahft, tibia and phalanges

Short bone

small, cube-shaped bone consisting entirely of cancellous bone, surrounded by.a thin layer of compact bone, carpals, tarsals

Flat bone

consists of two outer layers of compact bone with cancellous bone between, cranium, ribs

Irregular bone

consisting of two outer layers of compact bone with cancellous bone between, no definite shape